锂离子电池杂论

首先论述了锂离子电池的大好形势，难得的机遇和面临的挑战。 欧盟相继出台了两项与化学品相关的法令，加之原材料上涨、我国出口退税政策调整，锂电池市场出现新的机遇。面对能源短缺和环保的严峻形势，对动力电池和储能电池的呼声日益高涨。     

新生儿硬肿症危险因素分析

为探讨新生儿硬肿症发病的危险因素，以便有效地预防该病，以41例硬肿症新生儿为研究对象，并设疾病对照组，运用多元Logistic回归，对8项可疑因素进行了分析。结果表明，早产，低体重，窒息和感染， 毒最终进入方程（P＞0．05），且OR值均大于1，是硬肿症发病的危险因素。硬肿症是原发病的一个并发症和严重征兆。寒冷不是本地区硬肿症的常见病因。流动人口的新生儿是硬肿症的高危人群。加强围产期母婴保健，普及新法复苏，感染的预防和早期有效干预，早产，低体重儿和重新新生儿热能供给和维持内环境平衡是预防硬肿症的有效措施。     

离子液体介导CO2化学转化研究进展

The efficient utilization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a C1 feedstock is of great significance for green and sustainable development. Therefore, the efficient chemical conversion of CO₂ into value-added products has recently attracted a lot of research attention in recent years. The transformation of CO₂ generally requires high-energy substrates, specific catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions due to its high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. Consequently, several efforts have been dedicated toward the development of high-performance catalysts and new reaction routes for CO₂ conversion over the last few decades. To date, many routes of convert CO₂ into value-added chemicals have been proposed, together with the development of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Among the advanced catalysts reported to date, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely investigated and show great potential for the efficient, selective, and economical conversion of CO₂ into highly valuable products under mild conditions, even under ambient conditions. Some task-specific ILs have been designed with unique functional groups (e.g., —OH, —SO₃H, —NH₂, —COOH, and —C≡N), which can act as the solvent, absorbent, activating agent, catalyst, or cocatalyst to realize the transformation of CO₂ under metal-free and mild conditions. In addition, a variety of catalytic systems composed of ILs and metal catalysts have also been reported for the transformation of CO₂, in which the combination of the IL and metal catalyst is responsible for CO₂ conversion with high efficiency. In this review article, we summarize the recent advances in IL-mediated CO₂ transformation into chemicals prepared via C—O, C—N, C—S, C—H, and C—C bond forming processes. ILs that can chemically capture CO₂ with high capacity are first introduced, which can activate CO₂ via the formation of IL-based carbonates or carbamates, thus realizing the transformation of CO₂ under metal-free and mild conditions. Recent progress in IL-mediated CO₂ transformations to form carbonates and various kinds of N- and S-containing compounds (e.g., oxazolidinones, ureas, benzimidazolones, formamides, methylamines, benzothiazoles, and other chemicals) as well as CO₂ hydrogenation to give formic acid, methane, acetic acid, low-carbon alcohols, and hydrocarbons has been summarized in this review with a focus on the reaction routes, catalytic systems, and reaction mechanism. In these reactions, ILs can simultaneously activate the substrate via strong H-bonding in addition to activating CO₂, and the cooperative effects among the ionic and molecular species and metal catalysts accomplish the reactions of CO₂ with various kinds of substrates to afford a wide range of value-added chemicals. Finally, the shortcomings and perspectives of ILs are discussed. In short, IL-mediated CO₂ transformations provide green and effective routes for the synthesis of high-value chemicals, which may have great potential for a wide range of applications.     

精细化学品化学课程素材库的构建与应用

针对学生对精细化学品化学课程学习兴趣不足以及应用意识和能力欠缺的问题,提出了构建和合理运用精细化学品化学课程素材库的解决方法,分别介绍了精细化学品史料素材库、多媒体素材库、实例试题库建立的意义及方法.     

欧盟可能限制使用全氟辛酸及相关物质

<正>德国与挪威合作,计划于2014年10月17日就全氟辛酸提交一份文件,称为《附件XV限制资料文件》。该份文件根据《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制法规》(REACH法规)附件XV内的相关资料规定汇编而成。2014年3月5日,欧洲化学品管理局(ECHA)宣布,德国与挪威政府已展开一项资料收集工作,以确定全氟辛酸及     

微量元素与脑卒中(2)

脑卒中是目前中国最重要的公共卫生问题,正以其高发病率、高死亡率对我国造成巨大的社会、经济困难。从脑卒中的流行病学特征、脑卒中发病的危险因素、脑卒中患者的微量元素失衡及微量元素检测的临床意义四个方面阐述了微量元素与脑卒中的关系。     

LDI学生成绩评价方法的构建——以精细化学品化学课程为例

根据我院化工专业精细化学品化学课程改革的实际，围绕以评促学、以评助教，构建了LDI学生课程成绩评价方法。该方法以教师和学生为评价主体，从3个环节（理论学习、课内实验、创新实践）、4个维度（课前自学、课堂学习、课内实验与创新实践、期末考试）入手，将评价内容分为多个项目来引导学生学习、实践，并全面考核学生的知识与能力。该法不仅能提高学生学习的主动性，还能潜移默化地培养学生的创新意识和团队精神。     

亚胺培南耐药鲍曼不动杆菌医院感染危险因素分析

目的 了解亚胺培南耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）医院感染的危险因素,并探讨Ⅰ类整合子在鲍曼不动杆菌亚胺培南耐药中的作用。方法 选取确诊为CRAB 医院感染患者54 例作为病例组,按1:3 配对选择162 例亚胺培南敏感鲍曼不动杆菌（CSAB）医院感染患者作为对照组,采用单因素分析及多因素logistic 回归分析其危险因素,PCR 检测Ⅰ类整合酶基因。结果 单因素分析发现,与CRAB 医院感染相关的危险因素有病情危重、入住ICU 时间、住院时间≥14d、机械通气/ 人工气道、留置尿管、中心静脉置管、免疫抑制剂的使用、抗生素使用时间≥7d、抗生素药物种类≥3 种。多因素logistic回归分析发现,病情危重（OR:8.47;95% CI:1.56～46.0）、入住ICU 时间（OR:9.32; 95% CI:1.83～47.43）、住院天数≥14d（OR:13.89;95% CI:3.07～62.85）、机械通气/ 人工气道（OR:18.86; 95% CI:4.38～81.31）、抗生素使用种类≥3 种（OR:6.16;95% CI:1.85～20.51）、抗生素使用时间≥7d（OR:5.41; 95% CI: 1.36～21.58）是CRAB 医院感染的独立危险因素;CRAB 组中Ⅰ类整合酶基因检出率（59.3%）显著高于CSAB 组（34.6%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论 病情危重、入住ICU 时间、住院时间、机械通气/ 人工气道、抗生素使用种类≥3种、抗生素使用时间≥7d 是CRAB 医院感染的独立危险因素,Ⅰ类整合子在CRAB 中普遍存在,需加强对相关危险因素的控制及耐药机制的研究,早期防治CRAB 医院感染的发生。     

毒品与化学*

毒品与化学的种种纠葛在2018年中国毒品形势报告中得到了淋漓尽致的体现,因此为做好禁毒工作,必须厘清化学与毒品的关系。从为什么毒品是化学品(毒品的本质),毒品检验和识别,毒品成瘾的本质,由传统毒品到新型毒品的转变等4个方面系统阐述毒品与化学的关系。     

薄膜基荧光传感检测的研究进展

薄膜基荧光传感器是继离子迁移谱之后,业界公认的一种最具发展潜力的微痕量物质探测技术.由于其具有灵敏性、便携性、实时检测、响应速度快、易于制造、不污染待测体系等优点,在食品检测、环境监测、质量控制和生物医学分析等领域引起了广泛的关注和研究.本文主要综述了近年来薄膜基荧光传感在挥发性气体检测、有毒化学品检测、爆炸物检测、溶液相离子检测以及生物监测等领域的研究进展,并提出了薄膜基荧光传感所面临的挑战与未来的发展方向.