硫化锌掺锰/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

利用静电纺丝法与气固反应相结合, 成功地制备了硫化锌掺锰/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维, 并对所制备的复合物进行了表征, 探讨了复合物的结构及其性能.     

STRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF POLYMER CHAINS FOR NECKING FORMATION IN HIGH-SPEED FIBER SPINNING PROCESS

Finite element method is used to simulate the high-speed melt spinning process,based on the equation system proposed by Doufas et al.Calculation predicts a neck-like deformation,as well as the related profiles of velocity,diameter, temperature,chain orientation,and crystallinity in the fiber spinning process.Considering combined effects on the process such as flow-induced crystallization,viscoelasticity,filament cooling,air drag,inertia,surface tension and gravity,the simulated material flow behaviors are consistent with those observed for semi-crystalline polymers under various spinning conditions.The structure change of polymer coils in the necking region described by the evolution of conformation tensor is also investigated.Based on the relaxation mechanism of macromolecules in flow field different types of morphology change of polymer chains before and in the neck are proposed,giving a complete prospect of structure evolution and crystallization of semi-crystalline polymer in the high speed fiber spinning process.     

PLLA/β-TCP杂化微纳米纤维的制备及其性能

将湿法工艺合成的β-磷酸钙纳米粒子与左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)的混合溶液通过电纺丝法制成杂化纳米纤维膜,以期制备一种新型纳米纤维骨组织修复材料。采用FT-IR,XRD,TEM,DSC等手段研究了β-磷酸钙(β-TCP)的结构和形态,采用SEM和直径分布探讨了优化PLLA/β-TCP纤维的电纺丝工艺。结果表明:采用湿法合成β-TCP的纳米粒子具有良好的晶型结构,直径在219~328 nm之间;采用双溶剂体系在优化条件下制备的PLLA/β-TCP杂化纳米纤维直径在500~700 nm之间,PLLA/β-TCP界面结合良好,β-TCP起到了增强作用。在湿态条件下,PLLA纤维膜的力学性能有所提高,而PLLA/β-TCP纤维膜的力学性能则呈现下降趋势。     

静电纺丝法制备酚醛纤维研究进展

酚醛树脂是一种广泛使用的合成树脂,包括热固性和热塑性两类,具有良好的阻燃性、耐热性和耐腐蚀性。酚醛纤维是由酚醛树脂所制成的交联纤维,传统的酚醛纤维制备方法有熔融纺丝法和湿法纺丝法,后来出现了静电纺丝法。本文根据酚醛树脂的种类分别介绍了热固性、热塑性和热塑/热固混合酚醛树脂三类材料静电纺丝的研究进展。在改善酚醛纤维特性方面,综述了四种优化措施,包括加入无机盐、微波辐射辅助固化、非匀速阶梯式加热固化、氧化石墨烯修饰的静电纺丝法等。此外,对本实验室制备酚醛纤维的研究也进行了概述,阐述了酚醛纤维当前存在的问题及未来发展方向。     

多孔软硬磁Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/SrFe12O19复合纤维制备及吸波性能

通过静电纺丝技术制备了多孔软硬磁Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄/SrFe₁₂O₁₉复合纤维,利用综合热重分析仪（TG-DSC）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）和矢量网络分析仪（VNA）等对复合纤维的晶体结构、微观形貌和电磁性能进行了表征,研究了不同软硬磁质量比对纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明：900℃下制备的复合纤维具有立体多孔结构,软硬磁质量比为1∶3时,复合纤维的比表面积达到55 m²·g^-1。吸波性能测试结果显示,当吸波剂涂层厚度为3.5 mm时,复合纤维在10.6 GHz处反射损失（R_L）值达到-31.9 dB,在2~18 GHz频率范围内,R_L值小于-10 dB的吸收带宽达到10.5 GHz,覆盖了整个X波段（8.2~12.4 GHz）和Ku波段（12.4~18 GHz）,显示出优异的宽波段吸收性能。     

Eu（TTA）3AA-NBR/PVP同轴超细纤维的制备及荧光性能研究

用同轴静电纺丝制备了含有稀土铕配合物(Eu(TTA)3AA)的芯-壳结构的丁腈橡胶/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(NBR/PVP)超细荧光纤维。考察了在外层PVP纺丝参数不变的情况下,改变芯层丁腈橡胶纺丝液的纺丝速度、Eu(TTA)3AA含量等对纤维形貌的影响。通过研究Eu(TTA)3AA-NBR/PVP同轴超细纤维中Eu(TTA)3AA微观结构、含量与纤维的荧光性能之间的关系,发现在同轴纤维形成过程中由于溶剂的快速挥发可使Eu(TTA)3AA形成无定形结构,进而在纤维中形成分子簇级别的分散,在Eu(TTA)3AA含量为30%时,同轴纤维比Eu(TTA)3AA粉末的荧光强度提高了2倍。     

纳米储能纤维复合过滤膜的制备及性能

以静电纺丝技术制备的同轴聚甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯(PSMA)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)纳米储能纤维为支撑层,经聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)涂覆成膜和溶剂化处理,制备了一种低压高水通量的纳米储能纤维复合过滤膜(NFCM),其中以水或乙醇为凝固溶液的复合过滤膜分别记为NFCM@H2O或NFCM@EtOH.分析并讨论了不同溶剂处理方式对NFCM力学性能和表面形貌的影响,表征了膜的纯水通量和抗污性能,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了膜的横断面形貌.结果表明,PSMA/PET纳米储能纤维具有明显的吸放热行为,熔融温度和热焓值分别为36.5℃和10.7J/g,NFCM的熔融温度和热焓值分别为36℃和2.7J/g.NFCM的形貌结构、纯水通量和截留率与溶剂处理方式相关,NFCM@EtOH膜的水通量介于100~1400L/(m2·h)之间,而NFCM@H2O膜的水通量仅在40~220L/(m2·h)之间.NFCM的拉伸强度由初始0.925MPa(PVDF)提高到4.28MPa以上.NFCM中的相变材料对膜过滤性能有重要影响,并在过滤温度低于50℃时具有减缓作用.     

碳纤维基PtPb阳极催化剂的制备及其电催化性能

以静电纺丝技术与烧结工艺相结合的方式制备了碳纤维基PtPb纳米催化剂,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）等分析测试手段对其进行了表征。结果表明,在预氧化温度为300 ℃、碳化温度为800 ℃的条件下,所制备的PtPb阳极纳米催化剂结晶程度好、比表面积大,粒径约为3.05 nm,催化活性颗粒均匀分散在多孔碳纤维骨架上。采用循环伏安法（CV）及交流阻抗（EIS）评价了该催化剂对乙醇氧化反应的电催化性能。结果表明,最大峰电流密度达到125 mA/cm²,电荷转移电阻相较于700 ℃下降了近60%。     

Structure and Performance Modulation of Self-Adhesive SIS/C5 Electrospun Membranes for Transdermal Drug Delivery北大核心CSCD

Electrospun membranes are widely utilized to enhance the water vapor permeability and drug delivery performance of transdermal drug delivery patches. Due to the lack of adhesion property,however,most of them cannot closely contact with skin,which impedes the delivery of drugs to the skin,thus affecting the transdermal administration. C5 resin is used to endow poly（styrene isoprene styrene）（SIS）electrospun membranes with pressure-sensitive adhesion property. Investigation is performed on how to control the structure,adhesion properties and drug delivery performance of SIS/C5 electrospun membranes loaded with synthetic capsaicin via compositions,drugs and electrospinning conditions. The results demonstrate that the electrospun membrane with a SIS/C5 ratio of 2∶1 has excellent water vapor permeability（7. 17×10－3 g/（h·cm2）and adhesion properties（180（°）peel strength is 0. 2 kN/m,tack force is 0. 64 N/cm2 ,holding power is greater than 7 days）. The synthetic capsaicin has good compatibility with the SIS/C5 electrospun membranes,in which no drug crystallizes and the drug loading is beneficial to improve the water vapor permeability. As the drug loading is 8%,the tack force is 0. 6～0. 8 N/cm2 ,the 180（°）peel strength is 0. 2～0. 3 kN/m,the holding power is greater than 7 days,and no residue is left during peeling tests. In vitro drug release indicates that the drug has a behavior of sustained release with a 24-hour cumulative release rate of greater than 50% for all SIS/ C5 electrospun membranes,meeting the requirements of transdermal drug delivery patches. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.