BEHAVIOR OF ANIONIC SURFACTANT MICELLES IN THE PRESENCE OF Al3+ AND Ca2+

The estimation of the C-potential of ionic surfactant micelles may be useful for the study of adsorption of solutes onto the micellar surface, which causes a reduction of the net electrostatic charge. This work presents results on the variation of ζ-potential of alkylsulfate and fatty carboxylate micelles with the bulk concentrations of Al³⁺ and Ca²⁺ cations. Combined with results from the literature about the effect of micellar surfactant concentration on reducing surfactant precipitation in the presence of polyvalent cations, these allow to conclude that micelles of anionic surfactants will have a higher chance of electroneutralization of their surface charge by adsorbing cations if the end functional group of the surfactant is smaller.     

Uniform estimate for the tail probabilities of randomly weighted sums

Several authors have studied the uniform estimate for the tail probabilities of randomly weighted sumsa.ud their maxima. In this paper, we generalize their work to the situation thatis a sequence of upper tail asymptotically independent random variables with common distribution from the is a sequence of nonnegative random variables, independent of and satisfying some regular conditions. Moreover. no additional assumption is required on the dependence structureof {θi,i≥ 1）.     

ζ（3）的级数公式

给出ζ（3）的计算公式ζ（3）=π^2/7[1-4∑n=1^∞ζ（2n）/（2n＋1）（2n＋2）2^2n].     

Colloidal chemistry as a guide to design intended dispersions of carbon nanomaterials

In this review, some established concepts from Colloidal Science and their application to graphene and carbon nanotubes dispersions in organic or aqueous media are highlighted to rationalize alternatives for some issues in terms of colloidal properties. Recent applications for carbon-based dispersions are presented, as well as van der Waals interactions in carbon materials and strategies to overcome these interactions, such as increasing electrostatic repulsion between dispersed particles, surface functionalization, or adsorption of passivation agents such as macromolecules, which are the basis of many dispersion and exfoliation procedures. The demonstration of how knowledge and fine control of colloidal interactions have been used to overcome several limitations, such as the preparation of stable and concentrated dispersions of carbon materials and keeping appreciable electrical conductivity, is presented. It is also showed that the same knowledge can help the development of more environmentally friendly carbon-based colloids as well as the improvement of similar systems as dispersions of two-dimensional materials.     

Comparison of microstructures of microemulsion and swollen micelle in electrokinetic chromatography

Recently, 1-butanol modified MEKC was proven to be similar to MEEKC in separation performance. In the present work, typical microemulsion containing 0.8% n-octane/3.3% SDS/6.6% 1-butanol/20 mM borax buffer and corresponding swollen micelle without n-octane were used to compare their microdroplet structures including hydrodynamic radius, electrokinetic potential ζ and charge density at the hydrodynamic shear surface, as well as microenvironment polarity in the interior of the microdroplets. Three kinds of corticosteroids were separated with MEEKC and 1-butanol modified MEKC to assess their separation performances. The experiment results showed that both microstructure and separation performance in microemulsion and in swollen micelle systems were alike, no matter whether oil phase n-octane was present. The environment polarity in the core of swollen micelle was slightly higher than in the microemulsions, and both of them were higher than in n-octane medium. Furthermore, the influences of SDS and 1-butanol concentration on microstructures were measured in details. Increasing the amount of SDS, hydrodynamic radius decreased in microemulsion but increased in swollen micelle. On the contrary, ζ and shear surface charge density changed in the reverse trends. With increment of 1-butanol concentration, the hydrodynamic radius increased dramatically in microemulsions, whereas decreased slightly in swollen micelle. Even though using n-octane as oil core was not a key factor, microemulsions and swollen micelle as pseudostationary phase in EKC should not be exactly the same.     

PREPARATION AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF NEW SULFOSUCCINIC DERIVATIVES OF FATTY POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this work was to prepare hydrophilic anionic derivatives of polyglycerol esters in order to obtain new surfactants, characterized by the cosmetologic compatibility of renewable raw materials and the mildness of the chosen target surfactants. The derivatization has been done by esterification between polyglycerol esters (PGE) and maleic anhydride (MA) followed by sulfonation at the double bond, by sodium sulfite, getting sulfosuccinic derivatives. Polyglycerol esters composed of fatty acids of C₁₂ to C₁₆ and polyglycerol with chain length of n=l?10 served as raw materials for a number of sulfosuccinates. The surface properties (cmc; surface excess concentration, γ; surface molecular area, A; effectiveness, π_cmc; efficiency, _pC₂₀ contact angle, θ; wetting time and foam performance) of the raw materials and their anionic derivatives have been measured. The relationships between the chemical structure and the surface properties of the new surfactants have been established. Higher π_cmc and better foaming performance but lower wetting power were obtained by increasing hydrophilic chain length, to n=6. Over this length an opposite trend was found. A linear relationship beween log cmc and hydrophobic chain length was determined. Optimization of surface properties was accomplished by optimizing maleation conditions.     

不同水环境对纳米银颗粒聚集体粒径大小及界面电势的影响

研究了不同水环境对无稳定剂与PVP为稳定剂的纳米银颗粒的物化性能的影响。结果表明:随着电解质浓度的增加,纳米银颗粒的粒径与界面电势逐步增大;二价阳离子比一价阳离子更能有效地使纳米银粒径与界面电势增加;稳定剂PVP,腐植酸及其他天然有机物能够增加纳米银溶胶的稳定性;在天然水体中,纳米银在海水中的粒径颗粒与界面电势比湖水中更大。     

A note on p-adic q-ζ-functions II

We show that p-adic q-ζ-function constructed by Koblitz [7] (see also D?browski [4]) can be obtained as Γ-transform of some p-adic measure coming from Lubin–Tate formal group.     

絮凝基因的克隆及其絮凝形态表征

分离出一株具有强絮凝特性的芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp. F2, 其絮凝率达到84%, 并构建了絮凝基因组文库, 从中筛选并获得表达絮凝活性的大肠杆菌阳性克隆子FC2. 絮凝试验测定FC2的絮凝率为90%, 稍高于原絮凝菌F2, 高于受体菌JM109(6.9%), 说明FC2絮凝性状遗传于原絮凝菌F2. 采用轻敲模式下的原子力显微镜成像技术、光学显微镜、ζ电位等对加入FC2与F2及不加入絮凝剂的絮凝微观形貌等进行了测定. 原子力显微成像显示, 加入克隆菌FC2发酵液的高岭土悬浮液形成的絮凝胶体出现大而紧密的球形颗粒结构, 且表面积粗糙, 凹凸程度大, 具有大的比表面积和吸附液体悬浮颗粒的能力. 向高岭土悬浮液中加入克隆菌FC2发酵液后, 絮凝颗粒由松散的不定形结构转变为密集分布、 水平尺寸均匀的球形结构, 表明克隆菌FC2发酵液中的凝集素容易以高岭土悬浮颗粒为中心吸附在其表面, 而且絮凝率达到90%, 进一步证实了克隆菌FC2发酵液的除污染效能. ζ电位测定结果表明, 离子键作用强度不同, 致使絮凝形态存在差异, 为研究生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理提供了有力的依据.     

ζ(3)的级数公式

给出ζ(3)的计算公式ζ(3)=π~2/7[1-4 sum from n=1 to ∞ζ(2n)/(2n+1)(2n+2)2~(2n)].