A microfluidics-dispensing-printing strategy for Janus photonic crystal microspheres towards smart patterned displays

From the implementation point of view, the printable magnetic Janus colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) microspheres are highly desirable. Herein, we developed a dispensing-printing strategy for magnetic Janus CPCs display via a microfluidics-automatic printing system. Monodisperse core/shell colloidal particles and magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles precursor serve as inks. Based on the equilibrium of three-phase interfacial tensions, Janus structure is successfully formed, followed by UV irradiation and self-assembly of colloid particle to generate magnetic Janus CPCs microspheres. Notably, this method shows distinct superiority with highly uniform Janus CPCs structure, where the TMPTA/Fe₃O₄ hemisphere is in the bottom side while CPCs hemisphere is in the top side. Thus, by using Janus CPCs microspheres with two different structural colors as pixel points, a pattern with red flower and green leaf is achieved. Moreover, 1D linear Janus CPCs pattern encapsulated by hydrogel is also fabricated. Both the color and the shape can be changed under the traction of magnets, showing great potentials in flexible smart displays. We believe this work not only offers a new feasible pathway to construct magnetic Janus CPCs patterns by a dispensing-printable fashion, but also provides new opportunities for flexible and smart displays.     

共享自动驾驶汽车使用意愿模型及其影响因素

为了构建共享自动驾驶汽车(shared autonomous vehicles，SAV) 的使用意愿模型并分析其影响因素，通过使用时机和使用频率来体现公众对SAV的使用意愿；采用验证性因子分析将态度潜变量转化为潜变量得分，以此将态度潜变量引入传统的有序Logit模型；提出SAV使用意愿的有序Logit模型构建方法，并建立基于个人属性、通勤特征、态度潜变量的SAV使用意愿模型.研究发现:是否使用过滴滴拼车、工作单位停车费、自动驾驶态度对使用时机和3种价格(1，2，3元/km) 下的使用频率有显著影响；使用过滴滴拼车、工作单位收取停车费、支持自动驾驶的群体倾向于频繁地、更早地使用SAV出行；公众期望以1元/km或 2元/km即不超过目前滴滴拼车的价格使用SAV.     

Direct visualization of the nanoscopic three‐phase structure and stiffness of NBR/PVC blends by AFM nanomechanical mapping

The PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping based on atomic force microscope (AFM) is employed to first visualize and then quantify the elastic properties of a model nitrile rubber/poly(vinyl chloride) (NBR/PVC) blend at the nanoscale. This method allows us to consistently observe the changes in mechanical properties of each phase in polymer blends. Beyond measuring and discriminating elastic modulus and adhesion forces of each phase, we tune the AFM tips and the peak force parameters in order to reliably image samples. In view of viscoelastic difference in each phase, a three‐phase coexistence of an unmixed NBR phase, the mixed phase, and PVC microcrystallites is directly visualized in NBR/PVC blends. The nanomechanical investigation is also capable of recognizing the crosslinked rubber phase in cured rubber. The contribution of the mixed phase was quantified and it was found that the mechanical properties of blends are mainly determined by the homogeneity and stiffness of the mixed phase. This study furthers our understanding the structure–mechanical property relationship of thermoplastic elastomers, which is important for their potential design and applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 662–669     

Designing Covalent Organic Frameworks with a Tailored Ionic Interface for Ion Transport across One-Dimensional Channels

A strategy based on covalent organic frameworks for ultrafast ion transport involves designing an ionic interface to mediate ion motion. Electrolyte chains were integrated onto the walls of one-dimensional channels to construct ionic frameworks via pore surface engineering, so that the ionic interface can be systematically tuned at the desired composition and density. This strategy enables a quantitative correlation between interface and ion transport and unveils a full picture of managing ionic interface to achieve high-rate ion transport. Moreover, the effect of interfaces was scaled on ion transport; ion mobility is increased in an exponential mode with the ionic interface. This strategy not only sets a benchmark system but also offers a general guidance for designing ionic interface that is key to systems for energy conversion and storage.     

锂电池异常状态监测的FEKF方法研究

为了保障锂离子电池的使用安全，提出了基于带渐消因子的扩展卡尔曼滤波 （Fading Extended Kalman Filter，FEKF）的电池状态在线监测方法. 建立锂电池一阶等效电路模型，利用递推最小二乘法进行锂电池状态参数在线辨识，建立状态方程；引入最优渐消因子，构造FEKF，得到端电压残差；使用端电压残差序列构造χ2分布的诊断函数，计算误检率与状态参数异常阈值. 实验结果显示利用FEKF生成的残差能更早对异常状态进行告警，证明FEKF能够显著提高χ2检验对锂电池内部缓变型异常状态判断的准确率.     

基于单片机的芳纶被复线巡检系统研究

为便于芳纶被复线加工时双绞配盘和成卷质量检测,提高原材料利用率和检测精度,以束丝、绝缘挤塑、双绞和成卷四道工序为基础,设计了一种便捷实用型巡检系统,推导了双绞前绝缘单线测长和成卷后断点测长原理及其计算公式,设计了以51单片机为控制核心、测量单元与人机界面为外接模块的硬件电路总体方案,依托Keil5软件开发环境、编程C语言主程序,实现了多工况下的自适应状态,提高了操作便捷性,最后通过多组对比实验,深入分析实测数据,验证了该巡检系统在变温环境下依然具有较高的测长精度和稳定性.     

Polypyrrole Shell@3D‐Ni Metal Core Structured Electrodes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Three‐dimensional (3D) nanometal films serving as current collectors have attracted much interest recently owing to their promising application in high‐performance supercapacitors. In the process of the electrochemical reaction, the 3D structure can provide a short diffusion path for fast ion transport, and the highly conductive nanometal may serve as a backbone for facile electron transfer. In this work, a novel polypyrrole (PPy) shell@3D‐Ni‐core composite is developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of conventional PPy. With the introduction of a Ni metal core, the as‐prepared material exhibits a high specific capacitance (726 F g^?1 at a charge/discharge rate of 1 A g^?1), good rate capability (a decay of 33 % in C_sp with charge/discharge rates increasing from 1 to 20 A g^?1), and high cycle stability (only a small decrease of 4.2 % in C_sp after 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV s^?1). Furthermore, an aqueous symmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated by using the as‐prepared composite as electrodes; the device demonstrates a high energy density (≈21.2 Wh kg^?1) and superior long‐term cycle ability (only 4.4 % and 18.6 % loss in C_sp after 2000 and 5000 cycles, respectively).     

[Zn(Pybox)Br2]配合物的合成, 晶体结构及催化性质研究

合成了一种锌的配位化合物(Dm-Pybox)ZnBr2(1),(Dm-pybox为2,6-二[4',4'-二甲基噁唑啉]吡啶),通过核磁,元素分析,红外和X-射线单晶衍射表征确定其结构.对于配合物C15 H19 N3 O2 ZnBr2,Mr(分子量)=498.52,单斜晶系,空间群为P21/c,a=10.2422(19)?,b=16.141(3)?,c=11.513(2)?,β=99.128(2),V=1879.2(6)?3,Z=4,F(000)=984,μ=5.570mm-1,ρc=1.762g/cm3,最终的R1=0.0584(I>2σ(I))和wR2=0.1773(所有数据).配合物1可以在水溶剂和室温条件下高效催化二茂铁甲醛与活泼亚甲基化合物Knoevenagel缩合反应.     

考虑外委的露天矿剥岩计划的优化研究

针对“剥岩高峰”对矿山生产带来的不利影响，研究了设备配置更新策略与露天开采外委剥离的优化问题.基于铲运设备的运营成本与生产能力随设备役龄变化的关系，建立了决策单台设备退役时间的动态经济寿命计算模型，并根据此模型给出了具体的设备配置算法步骤.设置一系列不同的矿山自剥离量与外委剥离量的分界水平，计算各分界水平条件下的外委单价可行区间，然后在区间内确定外委商谈价格并分析得出与之对应的总成本净现值最低的外委方案.实例计算证明，采用该方法减少设备投资的成本要高于外委岩石剥离成本.