Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of eolian dust of the arid-semiarid areas in China： Implications for loess provenance and monsoon evolution

Strontium (Sr) is a divalent alkaline earth element. Its ionic radius (0.113 nm) is slightly larger than that of calcium (0.099 nm), and Sr thus substitutes isomor- phously for Ca in many minerals. Neodymium (Nd) is a rare earth element. Its chemical prop…     

原位插层聚合制备聚丁二烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

聚合物 /粘土纳米复合材料由于具有常规复合材料所没有的结构、形态及更优异的力学、热学、阻燃、阻隔等性能 ,自 1 987由日本丰田公司首次报道了制备尼龙 6 粘土纳米复合材料以来 ,立刻引起人们的普遍关注[1～ 17] .目前报道的聚合物 /粘土纳米复合材料主要集中在以树脂为基体 ,例如 ,聚酰胺[1～ 4] 、聚苯乙烯[5～ 8] 、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯[9,10 ] 、聚丙烯[11,12 ] 等 .制备以橡胶为基体的橡胶/粘土纳米复合材料研究较少 ,采用的方法多为通过橡胶大分子插层 ,如熔融插层法[1 3] 、溶液插层法[14 ] 、乳液法[15,16] 等 ,这些方法均存在插层…     

基于动态燃料成本双层优化的 燃煤发电企业管控模型

为使燃煤发电企业降低燃料成本,实现燃料科学管控,提出一种综合考虑发电可靠性和生产经济性的燃料成本双层优化模型,上层为电煤采购库存混合整数规划模型,下层为混煤掺烧非线性优化模型,双层模型交替迭代协调优化,实现燃料管控动态决策.针对优化模型高维多约束情况,提出一种混沌映射初始化和高斯变异结合的改进灰狼优化算法.以某燃煤电厂模拟运营进行算例验证分析,结果表明,所提模型可以降低燃煤电厂7.80％的燃煤成本,证明了所提模型与求解算法的有效性和可行性.     

MgB_2超导材料的薄膜制备及其超导器件的实现

报道了采用电子束蒸发技术实现MgB2薄膜制备的实验工作。通过蒸镀B膜和Mg/B多层膜两种前驱体,分别经高温区(~900℃)和中温区(~700℃)退火处理后成功获得了高质量的MgB2薄膜样品。对样品的超导性能、晶体结构和表面形貌进行了详细的测量和表征,并对两类样品性质上所表现出的差异进行了分析。此外,还报道了在薄膜制备基础上利用微加工技术实现的超导微波谐振器的结果。     

Highly Oxidative-Resistant Cyano-Functionalized Lithium Borate Salt for Enhanced Cycling Performance of Practical Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate (LiDFOB) has been widely investigated in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its advantageous thermal stability and excellent aluminum passivation property. However, LiDFOB tends to suffer from severe decomposition and generate a lot of gas species (e.g., CO₂). Herein, a novel cyano-functionalized lithium borate salt, namely lithium difluoro(1,2-dihydroxyethane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile) borate (LiDFTCB), is innovatively synthesized as a highly oxidative-resistant salt to alleviate above dilemma. It is revealed that the LiDFTCB-based electrolyte enables LiCoO₂/graphite cells with superior capacity retention at both room and elevated temperatures (e.g., 80 % after 600 cycles) with barely any CO₂ gas evolution. Systematic studies reveal that LiDFTCB tends to form thin and robust interfacial layers at both electrodes. This work emphasizes the crucial role of cyano-functionalized anions in improving cycle lifespan and safety of practical LIBs.     

尺寸效应对GFRP约束钢筋混凝土方柱力学性能的影响

GFRP布约束钢筋混凝土柱是近几年新兴的一种加固形式。文中采用GFRP布缠绕包裹钢筋混凝土方柱,讨论尺寸效应对GFRP约束钢筋混凝土方柱力学性能的影响。通过静力实验方法考察不同截面尺寸试件的极限承载力。结果表明:在相同配筋率和体积配置率的情况下,几何相似的小、中、大三个尺寸的试件,随着试件的尺寸增大,GFRP布的约束效果越好,其相对于未约束试件承载力提高幅度越大。     

Structure and properties of rubber/organic montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared by in situ anionic intercalation polymerization

Polybutadiene (PB), polyisoprene (PI), and styrene–butadiene rubber/organic montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared by in situ anionic intercalation polymerization. The intercalation structure, chemical constitution, and morphology of the rubber/OMMT NCs were characterized with X‐ray diffraction, H NMR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy; the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the rubber/OMMT NCs were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The mechanical properties of PB/OMMT NC were also tested. The results showed that a certain extent of exfoliated rubber/OMMT could be prepared by anionic in situ intercalation polymerization. The incorporation of OMMT obviously changed the microstructure content of PB and PI: the concentrations of the 1,2‐unit, 3,4‐unit, and trans‐1,4‐unit increased dramatically with an increasing concentration of OMMT, and the concentration of the cis‐1,4 structure decreased. The addition of OMMT‐DK1B and OMMT‐DK4 had little effect on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, but the addition of OMMT‐DK1 reduced the molecular weight of rubber, and the molecular weight distribution became broad. The glass‐transition temperature, weight‐loss temperature, storage modulus, and loss modulus of the NCs evidently increased, but tan δ decreased. OMMT apparently enhanced the rubber matrix; for example, the breaking strength and hardness of PB/OMMT NC crosslinked rubber increased greatly, but the tear strength and permanent deformation did not change much. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1344–1353, 2005     

线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型的实验研究

目的：对大鼠线栓法脑缺血模型进行改进,探讨影响模型成功率的原因及解决方法。方法：参照改良的Zea Longa法,制作大鼠局灶脑缺血模型,根据神经功能缺损症状,组织病理学检查判断模型成功。结果：模型成功率60%,部分大鼠出现颅内出血（蛛网膜下腔出血或脑出血）、大脑中动脉破裂、麻醉意外等问题。结论：改进后的模型成功率相对提高,制作良好的栓线、熟练的操作和体重合适的大鼠是制作模型成功的关键。