High-performance nonfused ring electron acceptor with a steric hindrance induced planar molecular backbone

Three nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) TTC6,TT-C8T and TT-TC8 were purposefully designed and synthesized.The molecular geometry can be adjusted by the steric hindrance of lateral substituents.According to the DFT calculations,from TTC6 to TT-C8T and TT-TC8,planarity of the molecular backbone is gradually improved,accompanying with the enhancing of intramolecular charge transfer effect.As for TT-TC8,the two phenyl substituents are almost perpendicular to the molecular backbone,which endues the acceptor with good solubility and suppresses it to form over-aggregation.Multidirectional regular molecular orientation and closer molecular stacking are formed in TT-TC8 film.As a result,TT-TC8 based devices afford the highest PCE of 13.13%,which is much higher than that of TTC6 (4.41%) and TT-C8T (10.42%) and among the highest PCE values based on NFREAs.     

响应面法优化黑果枸杞酸奶工艺研究

以黑果枸杞和全脂奶粉为主要原料,通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验确定黑果枸杞凝固型酸奶的最佳工艺.结果表明:黑果枸杞汁8.20％,白砂糖9％,菌粉0.91％,42℃发酵4.94 h,在此工艺条件下,所得黑果枸杞酸奶感官评分与预测值接近,色泽适宜、质地均匀、酸甜可口,具有黑果枸杞特有的风味.     

PI-强LU富足半群

通过对C-L^U-富足半群的刻画,给出了PI-强L^U富足半群的结构定理。     

四螺旋创新集群:研究型大学人工智能发展生态重构与路向探究——以加拿大多伦多大学为例

以人工智能为代表的知识迭代发展,促使知识生产模式发生重大转变,催生了“大学—产业—政府—公众”四螺旋动力结构的建立和研究型大学知识生产新生态重构。以多伦多大学人工智能发展为例,考察其四螺旋利益相关主体及实践。从内在机理看,4个主体在互动运作中不仅重新确定了各自角色,而且还建立了大学(知识)—产业(产品)—政府(治理)—公众(公益)的新型逻辑链条,平衡公私利益格局,把公益指向作为人工智能四螺旋运作的中心目标;从外在特征看,4个主体形成了以大学为中心的区域创新网络,并牵引其他主体形成环高校创新集群。当前,我国在人工智能发展中不断发力,已进入世界第一方阵,但仍需要在国际比较学习中不断提升自身竞争力。基于案例分析,我国研究型大学发展人工智能有必要把握4个方面:一是走进中心,塑造大学在人工智能发展中的领导地位;二是以专促通,创新研究型大学人工智能专业培养模式;三是引企入研,提升校企合作人工智能创新的转化升级;四是人本导向,突出大学在人工智能发展中的公共价值。总体来看,我国研究型大学发展人工智能不仅要面临技术上的挑战,更要面临来自治理的挑战。     

产气荚膜梭菌ε毒素的细胞毒机制及致病机理的研究进展

产气荚膜梭菌ε毒素（Epsilon toxin ，ETX）由B、D型产气荚膜梭菌产生并分泌至宿主动物体内，在临床上主要症状为肠毒血症．ETX属于以七聚体形式存在的β‐样成孔毒素，它能够形成由14个β折叠片组成的“β‐桶状”结构，这个“β‐桶状”结构可以插入真核细胞的质膜形成穿孔．在细胞水平，ETX能够迅速使细胞膜肿胀、多种细胞器破坏，最终导致靶细胞的坏死．在哺乳动物体内，ETX能够使哺乳动物血管产生水肿，从而穿透血脑屏障而聚积在动物肾和脑中，导致机体随着谷氨酸盐的释放而产生过度兴奋，这一系列反应的发生可以引起机体出现脑水肿和肾衰竭，最终导致动物的死亡．目前， ETX备受关注的主要原因不仅仅因为它是一种β‐样成孔毒素，而是可以作为潜在的一种工具类药物，经改造后可以携带治疗药物在短时间内靶向性地到达哺乳动物脑和中枢神经系统，继而为脑和中枢神经系统疾病的治疗提供新的方向．结合国内外相关研究，对ETX细胞毒机制及致病机理进行了综和评述．     

Theoretical Design of Biodegradable Phthalic Acid Ester Derivatives in Marine and Freshwater Environments

The biodegradability of phtalic acid esters in marine and freshwater environments was characterized by their binding free energy with corresponding degrading enzymes. According to comprehensive biodegradation effects weights, the binding free energy values were converted into dimensionless efficacy coefficient using ratio normalization method. Then, considering comprehensive dual biodegradation effects value and the structural parameters of PAEs in both marine and freshwater environments, a 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model was constructed, five PAE derivatives (DBP−COOH, DBP−CHO, DBP−OH, DINP−NH₂, and DINP−NO₂) were screened out based on their environmental friendliness, functionality and stability. The prediction of biodegradation effects on five PAE derivatives by biodegradation models in marine and freshwater environment increased by 15.90 %, 15.84 %, 27.21 %, 12.33 %, and 8.32 %, and 21.57 %, 15.21 %, 20.99 %, 15.10 %, and 9.74 %, respectively. By simulating the photodegradation path of the PAE derivative molecular, it was found that DBP−OH can generate ^.OH and provides free radicals for the photodegradation of microplastics in the environment.     

重卡驱动桥壳疲劳稳健性与轻量化设计

驱动桥壳轻量化设计对于提高承载能力、降低生产成本具有重要的意义.本文在驱动桥壳有限元分析和疲劳分析计算的基础上建立驱动桥壳多目标优化模型，对重型卡车驱动桥壳进行参数化设计，建立正交试验表，利用田口方法和综合评价方法对驱动桥壳的疲劳性能稳健性和质量进行优化设计.优化结果表明，此方法可以应用于驱动桥壳的多目标优化，优化后驱动桥壳的疲劳稳健性能得到提高，减轻了质量，因此节约了桥壳材料，降低了生产和运营成本，提高了设计水平.     

A Ru(II)-Based Nanoassembly Exhibiting Theranostic PACT Activity in NIR Region

Photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) has appealing merits over traditional chemotherapy as well as photodynamic therapy (PDT) by virtue of its spatial and temporal control on drug activity and oxygen-independent mechanisms of action. However, the short photoactivation wavelengths, e.g., visible light–activated Ru(II)-based PACT agents, limit the clinical application severely. In this work, a facile construction of supramolecular nanoparticles from a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified [Ru(dip)₂(py-SO₃)]⁺ (abbreviated as Ru-PEG, dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, py-SO₃ = pyridine-2-sulfonate) and 1,3-phenylenebis(pyren-1-ylmethanone) (BP) is shown. While Ru-PEG may undergo photoinduced ligand dissociation and release anticancer species of [Ru(dip)₂(H₂O)₂]²⁺, BP has extremely large two-photon absorption cross sections (δ₂) in the NIR region and intense fluorescence over the wavelengths where Ru-PEG has strong absorption. Thus, two-photon excitation of BP followed by an efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from BP to Ru-PEG may lead to a potent inactivation against cisplatin-resistant cancer cells and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). The residue fluorescence of BP also allows the cellular uptake of the particles to be visualized. This work provides a universal and convenient strategy to realize theranostic PACT in the ideal phototherapeutic window of 650–900 nm.     

公理化局部有限空间中映射连续性的扩展

用公理化方法研究了局部有限空间中的连续映射及其扩张问题。给出了局部有限空间的公理化定义方法;利用邻近关系研究了局部有限空间中的连续映射、同胚和局部同胚等问题;通过对局部有限空间变形的研究,定义了局部有限空间的一种特殊收缩核,有效地解决了局部有限空间中连续映射的扩张问题。