重大科技基础设施内涵演进与发展分析

重大科技基础设施是大科学时代的标志,是产生重大原创性、引领性成果的关键支撑,已经成为国家科技竞争力的象征和创新格局演化的重要变量.新一轮科技革命正孕育兴起,要加快重大科技基础设施布局建设,催生重大科学发现和关键技术突破,牢牢把握创新主动权,增强自主创新能力,推动科研范式升级和组织方式变革,实现科技自立自强成为国家发展的战略支撑,为建设世界科技强国厚植科技创新根基.     

Special John-Nirenberg-Campanato spaces via congruent cubes

Let p ∈ [1, ∞), q ∈ [1, ∞), α∈ R, and s be a non-negative integer. Inspired by the space JNp introduced by John and Nirenberg(1961) and the space B introduced by Bourgain et al.(2015), we introduce a special John-Nirenberg-Campanato space JN^con_(p,q,s) over Rⁿ or a given cube of R;with finite side length via congruent subcubes, which are of some amalgam features. The limit space of such spaces as p →∞ is just the Campanato space which coincides with the space BMO(the space of functions with bounded mean oscillations)when α = 0. Moreover, a vanishing subspace of this new space is introduced, and its equivalent characterization is established as well, which is a counterpart of the known characterization for the classical space VMO(the space of functions with vanishing mean oscillations) over Rⁿ or a given cube of Rⁿ with finite side length.Furthermore, some VMO-H¹-BMO-type results for this new space are also obtained, which are based on the aforementioned vanishing subspaces and the Hardy-type space defined via congruent cubes in this article. The geometrical properties of both the Euclidean space via its dyadic system and congruent cubes play a key role in the proofs of all these results.     

坚硬顶板爆破切顶在沿空留巷中的应用研究

当煤层上方为坚硬顶板时,在工作面回采期间容易出现大面积悬顶,导致巷旁充填体出现大变形破坏,极大威胁采煤安全.为解决这一问题,以某矿1205工作面沿空留巷为工程背景,分析了爆炸围岩裂隙范围和坚硬顶板破断特征,建立了切顶卸压围岩结构力学模型,研究表明,相邻炮孔爆炸后,炮孔间裂隙互相贯穿,降低了顶板强度,同时当切顶角为15°时,巷道稳定性较好.工程实践结果表明:采用爆破切顶技术后,顶板下沉量减小了62.3%,较好地保证了围岩稳定性.     

Developing Flexible Quinacridone-Derivatives-Based Photothermal Evaporaters for Solar Steam and Thermoelectric Power Generation

Solar-driven interfacial vaporization by localizing solar-thermal energy conversion to the air−water interface has attracted tremendous attention. In the process of converting solar energy into heat energy, photothermal materials play an essential role. Herein, a flexible solar-thermal material di-cyan substituted 5,12-dibutylquinacridone (DCN−4CQA)@Paper was developed by coating photothermal quinacridone derivatives on the cellulose paper. The DCN−4CQA@Paper combines desired chemical and physical properties, broadband light-absorbing, and shape-conforming abilities that render efficient photothermic vaporization. Notably, synergetic coupling of solar-steam and solar-electricity technologies by integrating DCN−4CQA@Paper and the thermoelectric devices is realized without trade-offs, highlighting the practical consideration toward more impactful solar heat exploitation. Such solar distillation and low-grade heat-to-electricity generation functions can provide potential opportunities for fresh water and electricity supply in off-grid or remote areas.     

Fully asynchronous stochastic coordinate descent: a tight lower bound on the parallelism achieving linear speedup

Mathematical Programming - We seek tight bounds on the viable parallelism in asynchronous implementations of coordinate descent that achieves linear speedup. We focus on asynchronous coordinate...     

视觉搜索中图标布局的影响机理

采用视觉搜索范式，研究图标视觉特征及数量变化对图标布局认知绩效的影响.实验表明，当图标数量N=6时，仅图标视觉特征主效应显著，布局方式对搜索速度无显著影响，图标视觉特征是认知绩效的主要影响因素;当图标数量N=15时，仅图标布局方式主效应显著，横向排列搜索速度最快.通过图标数量的连续性变化实验发现，图标数量超过10个，横向排列反应时显著低于纵向排列，两者错误率无显著差异;随着图形面板 L_○长度 / S_○宽度比值的降低，两者平均反应时差距逐渐缩小，趋于一致.研究表明，图标数量的变化对布局方式和视觉特征的认知绩效产生显著影响.     

Interactions of the vector breathers for the coupled Hirota system with $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 Lax pair

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, we investigate the interactions of the vector breathers for the coupled Hirota system with $$4\times 4$$ Lax pair. Firstly, we give the first-order breather...     

中国高层次科技人才省际流动的特征

.以2014-2019年中国内地(未包括香港、澳门和台湾地区)人选高被引科学家为高层次人才研究对象,通过挖掘高层次人才个人履历信息,构建科学家迁移特征信息数据库,从跨省域流动、省内流动及机构流动等多层次、多维度对高层次人才省际流动特征进行研究.研究结果表明,中国高被引科学家在各地区间分布差异非常明显,主要集中在北京、江苏、上海等经济与科教资源发达的地区;高被引科学家净流杰主要集中在广东省、江苏省和四川省等东部发达地区,净流出主要集中在吉林省、安徽省和辽宁省等中西部和东北地区;从机构来看,净流入主要集中在电子科技大学、苏州大学和复旦大学,净流出集中在中国科学院、北京大学等,但由于中国科学院高被引科学家人选人数多,故中国科学院净流出占其入选总人数的比例并不高.