苧麻纤维(头麻)理化性能的初步研究

本文对我国苧麻的十个主要品种的头麻纤维进行了化学成份和机械物理性能的测试,并对各品种品质的优劣提出初步看法。十个品种之间的机械物理性能和化学成份有较大差异,每一品种不同部位(根、中、梢)的纤维在细度、断裂强度等方面有很大差别,纤维的平均长度较长和长度不匀率较高,断裂伸长率较小,杨氏模量很大,与涤纶等纤维混纺易于收到明显的效果。     

几种常用苎麻脱胶煮练助剂快速煮练功效的评估

缩短苎麻脱胶煮练的时间,在工业化生产上有着巨大的实用价值和经济效益,它的技术关键之一在于煮练助剂。本文运用多重比较法中的统计排队法,对国内常用的三种苎麻脱胶煮练助剂进行了评估、为苎麻脱胶工业化生产提供了一定的参考依据。焦磷酸钠能够以较小的用量获得较好的快速煮练功效;而增大三聚磷酸钠和磷酸钠的用量,同样也可以得到较好的快速煮练功效。     

苎麻化学性能、生物学特性与生长期关系的研究

本文以动态的观点研究了苎麻头、二、三麻的化学性能、生物学特性在整个生长期内的变化规律。大量试验数据证明,由于传统农作制度的影响,我国各季麻生长期过长是造成我国苎麻原麻品质不高的根本原因之一。因此,适当缩短各季麻的生长期,将目前的农作制度由每年收三季麻增为收四季麻,即可为纺织工业提供大量优质苎麻原料,而农业产量也有所提高,可取得事半功倍的效果。     

对GB5889-86苎麻残胶率测试方法的修正意见

本文根据对苎麻碱煮过程中胶质转移动态属性的分析,讨论了GB5889-86试验方法在测定高残胶率精干麻时所存在的主要问题,探讨了多级碱煮测定的设想,通过分析和实验,对GB5889-86试验方法提出了修正意见,并给出了修正值,使之能够适用于高残胶率精干麻的测定,减少了系统误差,提高了测定精度。     

苎麻脱胶煮练工艺数学模型的研究

本文以数学理论为依据,以电子计算机为辅助工具,利用四因子二次通用旋转组合设计试验计划,建立了苎麻脱胶煮练工艺的数学模型,首次定性定量地给出了精干麻质量随煮练工艺参数的改变而变化的规律,对于苎麻高效脱胶的研究和工业化生产都有一定的积极意义     

First-principles study of helium clustering at initial stage in ThO_2

The clustering behavior of helium atoms in thorium dioxide has been investigated by first-principles calculations. The results show that He atoms tend to form a cluster around an octahedral interstitial site(OIS). As the concentration of He atoms in ThO_2 increases, the strain induced by the He atoms increases and the octahedral interstitial site is not large enough to accommodate a large cluster, such as a He hexamer. We considered three different Schottky defect(SD) configurations(SD_1, SD_2, and SD_3). When He atoms are located in the SD sites, the strain induced by the He atoms is released and the incorporation and binding energies decrease. The He trimer is the most stable cluster in SD_1. Large He clusters, such as a He hexamer, are also stable in the SDs.     

Edge effects on the characteristics of uranium diffusion on graphene and graphene nanoribbons

The first principles density-functional theoretical calculations of U adatom adsorption and diffusion on a planar graphene and quasi-one-dimensional graphene nanoribbons(GNRs) are performed. An energetic preference is found for U adatom diffusing to the hollow sites of both graphene and GNRs surface. A number of U distinctive diffusion paths either perpendicular or parallel to the ribbon growth direction are examined. The edge effects are evidenced by the calculated energy barriers of U adatom diffusion on armchair and zigzag nanoribbons surfaces. The calculation results indicate that the diffusion of U adatom from the inner site toward the edge site is a feasible process, particularly in zigzagGNR. It is viable to control the initial morphology of nuclear carbon material to retard the diffusion and concentration of nuclides.     

苎麻纤维微观结构测试报告

本文采用红外技术及电子显微镜技术测试分析了我国苎麻纤维的化学结构、微细结构及表面形态结构。实验指出,苎麻精干麻纤维是相当纯净的纤维素纤维,表面有毛茸、裂纹与横节。