对大学生自我锻炼意识及若干影响因素的调查与对策研究

运用文献资料调查访问和数理统计等研究方法,对大学生自我锻炼意识及若干影响因素进行调查与分析,探讨如何培养大学生自我锻炼意识的方法和途径,旨在加强大学生自我锻炼意识教育,实现终身体育。     

对明清时期北方五省商业镇市之研究

镇市是城市与乡村集市之间的纽带。明清时期北方五省镇市崛起于明中叶，乾隆、嘉庆年间达于鼎盛砣分布在水色彩道上，在商品流通过程中，形成商业市场，集留市场和手工业市场的市场体系，其中以集留市场居多，这种格局、为沟通城乡商品流通、互通有无，促进北方经济的发展起着不可忽视的作用。由于镇市的存在和发展受制于所在区域的经济和交通，这些内陆镇市的发展趋势出现三种结局，少数上升为县市，多数长期处于一般集市状态，也有     

明代官吏渎职及其惩罚

明代官吏渎职主要表现为实政不修。擅离职守。承办逾期。办事有误。明廷对此的处罚有罚俸、杖责、改调、降职、降级、削职为民、判刑、斩首等方式。明代惩治渎职的特点是完善行政立法。健全监督机制。任用耿介之吏，依法从快惩处。     

谈蚜虫的行为

蚜虫行为包括取食行为、繁殖行为、防御行为、社群行为等，本文简要介绍了蚜虫的迁飞行为、报警行为、蚜蚁共栖行为、蚜菌共生行为等相关知识，指出通过对蚜虫行为的研究，可以更好地了解行为发生机制和方式等，为蚜虫的综合治理提供理论基础．     

明代职官与职业技术考试述论（上）

明代是我国人事制度出现重大变革的历史时期。随着教育的发展，科举考试的制度化、经常化，国家在官吏的管理上，越来越重视考试的作用，将它作为国家甄别录用官吏的手段，逐渐扩大职官考试对象与范围，严格考试规章。职业技术民在发展。明代的职官考试，择优选择了大批人才，充实到各级政权机构中来，改善了吏治，加强了行政管理，促进了全民族化素质的提高。     

Interfacial nanobubbles produced by long-time preserved cold water

Interfacial gaseous nanobubbles which have remarkable properties such as unexpectedly long lifetime and significant potential applications, are drawing more and more attention. However, the recent dispute about the contamination or gas inside the nanobubbles causes a large confusion due to the lack of simple and clean method to produce gas nanobubbles.Here we report a convenient and clean method to effectively produce interfacial nanobubbles based on a pure water system.By adding the cold water cooled at 4℃ for more than 48 h onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG) surface, we find that the average density and total volume of nanobubbles are increased to a high level and mainly dominated by the concentrations of the dissolved gases in cold water. Our findings and methods are crucial and helpful for settling the newly arisen debates on gas nanobubbles.     

分级加载下黏土中的超静孔压消散试验研究

为直观地认识土体固结时超静孔压的消散过程,弄清固结理论产生偏差的原因,利用研制的大尺寸固结装置,对饱和黏土开展分级加载下的超静孔压、压缩变形和土压力的测试,并与太沙基一维固结理论计算值进行对比。测试结果表明土样中的超静孔压呈现加载后先增加、后消散缓降的规律,分级加载下,随着固结荷载增大,孔压变化明显滞后于荷载的变化,且超静孔压的消散也趋慢。经与采用固定固结系数计算的理论值对比可证实土样中的固结系数呈动态变化,表现为随固结荷载和固结时间的增加而减小,且不同位置处的固结系数也存在差异。     

Enrichment of microplastic pollution by micro-nanobubbles

Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental concern. It has been reported that microplastics are easily accessible to a wide range of aquatic organisms and ultimately enter the human body along the food chain. They pose a severe threat to ecosystems, organisms and even human health due to their durability and persistence. However, how to reduce microplastic pollution still remains a challenge in terms of scientific techniques and policy-making. There is currently still a lack of effective methods for microplastic recycling and removal. Luckily, a new technique, micro-nanobubbles (MNBs), may provide a possible and highly effective method to enrich microplastic pollution: their great advantages^[1] include a high specific surface area, long lifetime and ability to adsorb microplastics of the same size and hydrophobicity. Then they further adsorb on larger bubbles such as microbubbles or millimeter bubbles and float to the water surface together. In this study, we present a new method using MNBs to enrich microplastic pollution with high efficiency. Two types of microplastics, millimeter-scale plastic fragments and microplastic particles, were chosen as the model microplastic pollution systems to study the enrichment efficiency of MNBs on microplastics. Results showed that MNBs can efficiently enrich these microplastics. The enrichment efficiency increases with flotation time until a maximum value is reached. It is proved that MNBs not only collect the microplastic pollution but also reduce detergent use in domestic laundry sewage. This is because detergent, as a surfactant, is easily absorbed on the surface of MNBs and can be collected together with the microplastic pollution. Our research has demonstrated that the MNB technique could be promising for use in microplastic recycling and reducing detergent pollution in daily life.     

李岩故里、家世与身世考实

明末李自成起义军中李岩是引人注意的人物。由于史籍中对他事略的记述混乱,致使学界无法确定其人之有无。依据新发现的康熙五十五年唐村《李氏家谱》的记述,结合实际考察获得的资料。李岩实有其人,故里在今河南博爱唐村,出身贡生,精于拳术,加入李自成起义军为将,后遭李自成冤杀。