二核苷-磷酸在RNA连接酶酶促反应中的受体作用

本文在前文的基础上,对含有稀有核苷的十四种二核苷-磷酸同32_pN_p的单加反应作了进一步的研究。经对各类同系层析图谱和各类酶解分析,结果说明反应温度,供体的差异性,受体的碱基差异性等等对此反应影响很大。     

酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸3′-半分子(36—76)的合成

本文报告用T_4RNA连接酶将相应于酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸(tRNA_y~(Ala))3′-半分子(36—76)的三个寡核昔酸大片段——10(36—45)(Ⅰ),12(46—57)(Ⅱ)和19p(58—76)(Ⅲ)——从3′-端向5′-端延伸逐个连接合成了这个tRNA的3′-半分子(36—76)。首先在供受体配比为1:1.5的情况下,采取三步连续反应,即19p(Ⅲ)的5′-磷酸化,然后与12(Ⅱ)的连接和连接反应产物的5′-磷酸化等反应,一次制备分离的方法,以70％的总得率合成了5′-磷酸化的三十一核苷酸(46—76)(Ⅳ)。然后,以(Ⅳ)作为下一步反应的供体和三倍量的10(Ⅰ)连接,以67％的产率合成了具有四十一核苷酸的tRNA_y~(Ala)的3′-半分子(36—76)(Ⅴ)。将这个合成的3′-半分子,5′-磷酸化以后,与天然的5′-半分子连接,人工半合成了tRNA_y~(Ala)整分子,经生物活力测定,这个人工半合成的tRNA_y~(Ala)具有接受[~3H]-丙氨酸、并能将接受的丙氨酸转移到蛋白质分子中去的生物活力。     

化学合成的亮氨酸脑啡肽基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆和表达

化学合成的亮氨酸脑啡肽(LEK)基因与质粒pBR322重组,转化大肠杆菌,经过原位杂交筛选,限制性图谱分析和Southern杂交鉴定,获得一批LEK基因重组体。插入乳糖操纵子(1ac)启动基因控制LEK基因的表达。一个lac转录方向和LEK基因转录方向相同的表达质粒,pLE103,能在大肠杆菌中产生LEK。用放射免疫分析方法检测,LEK的产量可达每毫克细菌蛋白426毫微克。     

DINUCLEOSIDE MONOPHOSPHATE ACTING AS THE SHORTEST ACCEPTOR IN T_4 RNA LIGASE REACTION

A thorough study on the reaction of 32_pN_p with 14 dinucleoside monophosphates including U_pI and C_p m~1I has been reported. The 10μl reaction mixture containing 100mM Tris (pH8.3), 40mMMgCl_2, 6.6mM DIT, bovine serum albumin (20μg/ml), 1mM ATP, 0.25mM dinucleoside monophos-phate, 0.05mM 32_pN_p and T_4 RNA ligase was incubated for 24 hr at 5--10℃ (or 2 hr at 37℃).The joining yields depend on the reaction temperature, the donor species and the base compositionof acceptors,_pC_p is the best donor. At 5--10℃, it can join in all 14 dinucleoside monophosphateswith yields ranging from 20% to 80%. The next one is _pA_p, but the yields are comparatively low.Both _pG_p and p_U_p are poor donors, which react with some dinucleoside monophosphates to give ayield of only a few percent, and sometimes no product could be obtained whatsoever.     

亮-脑啡肽基因的合成

本文报道亮-脑啡肤基因的另一个合成途径。合成的基因,26个碱基对,是按照亮-脑啡肽的氨基酸顺序设计的。为了能够插入pBR 322质粒,基因带有EcoRI和BamHI限制性内切酶的单链粘性末端。化学合成的4个片段,8、9、17及18核苷酸,采用改良的三酯法。这些片段都具有正确的结构,最后在T_4-DNA连接酶的作用下,一步装配成脑啡肽基因。产物用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纯化,具有正确的连接点。     

酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸的人工全合成

本文报道采用有机合成与酶促合成相结合的方法,按照R.Holley等测定又经他人修正的一级结构,人工全合成了酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸(tRNA_y~(Ala))的工作。我们合成的tRNA_y~(Ala)与天然的tRNA_y~(Ala)具有相同的化学组成(含有全部修饰核苷酸)和结构,并有完整的生物活力,即在大鼠肝氨酰基tRNA合成酶的催化下,能接受丙氨酸,而且在兔网织红细胞裂解液体系中能将所携带的丙氨酸参入到蛋白质中去。在进行全合成以前,曾分别进行了两种人工半合成,即将天然的5′半分子与人工的3′半分子和人工的5′半分子与天然的3′半分子进行连接,都取得有生物活力的整分子tRNA_y~(Ala)。据我们了解,这是世界上第一次用人工方法合成的具有生物功能的核糖核酸。     

SYNTHESIS OF THE 3'-HALF MOLECULE OF YEAST ALANINE tRNA

This paper deals with the synthesis of the 3'-half molecule of yeast alanine transfer RNA (tRNA_y~(Ala)) by ligation with T_4 RNA ligase of three component oligonucleotide fragments corresponding to nucleotides 36-45(Ⅰ), 46-57(Ⅱ) and 58-76(Ⅲ) in succession extending from the 3'-end to the 5'-end. First, in a ratio of acceptor to donor at 1.5 to 1, we adopted a method of three successive reactions, namely, the 5'-phosphorylation of the nonadecamer (Ⅲ), ligation with the dodecamer(Ⅱ) and the 5'-phosphorylation of the ligation product formed; with one isolation step and obtained the 5'-phosphorylated 31mer(46-76) (Ⅳ) in an overall yield of 70%. Then the 31met(Ⅵ) as a donor was ligated with 3 times of decamer(Ⅰ) to form the 41met(36-76) (Ⅴ), the 3'-half molecule of tRNA_y~(Ala)). The yield was 67%. After 5'-phosphorylation, (Ⅴ) was ligated with the natural 5'-half molecule to form the semi-synthetic tRNA_y~(Ala)), which was biologically active, i. e. accepting and transferring (~3H)-alanine into p     

TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF YEAST ALANINE TRANSFER RIBONUCLEIC ACID

By a combination of chemical and enzymatic methods, small oligonucleotides with lengths varying from 2 to 8 nucleotides were synthesized from mononucleotides. The small oligonucleotides were then ligated with T_4 RNA ligase into six laxge ligonucleotides (9 to 19 nucleotides long) which were further ligated to form two half molecules with 35 and 41 nucleotides respectively, Finally, the two synthetic half molecules were annealed and ligated to obtain the whole molecule of yeast alanine tRNA (tRNA_y~(Ala)). Prior to this, two semi-syntheses were performed, i. e. ligation of the synthetic 5'-half molecule with the natural 3'-half molecule and that of the natural 5'-half molecule with the synthetic 3'-half molecule.     

SYNTHESIS OF THE LEU-ENKEPHALIN GENE

The synthesis of Leu-enkephalin gene by an alternative approach was described in thispaper. The sequence of the synthetic gene, 26 base-pairs in length, was derived from the ami-no acid sequence of the hormone peptide Leu-enkephalin. It bears single-stranded cohesive ter-mini for the restriction endonucleases EcoR I and BamH I so that it may be inserted into apBR 322 plasmid. The 4 deoxyoligonucleotide fragments, varying in length from octanucleotideto octadecanucleotide, were synthesized by an improved phosphotriester method developed inour laboratory. All chemically synthetic fragments were pure and had the correct sequences.The assembly of the Leu-enkephalin gene was carried out in a one-step ligation reaction cata-lysed by T_4-DNA ligase with good yield, Finally, the purified products from polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis had the correct joining-points as predicted.