Smart Edge Computing for 5 g/6 g Satellite IOT for Reducing Inter Transmission Delay

Mobile Networks and Applications - 5G/6G communication are first generation high speed wireless communication network which integrates the aerial data, terrestrial data and maritime data via...     

A facile gamma-ray method for radiodegradation of bilirubin in chloroform

Kinetics and concentration profile associated with the regulated radiodegradation of bilirubin in an organic solvent were assessed. The pure unconjugated specimen was prepared in chloroform (40.0 μM). The depletion of bilirubin was almost linear with dose, and complete degradation was accomplished with doses in excess of 100 Gy. The method was also evaluated for the explicit production of the long-wavelength isomer of biliverdin, which was characterized spectrometrically by an absorbance band in the region 600–650 nm. Results including differences in air, N₂ and O₂ purged samples are presented to identify the atmospheric medium for optimum production of biliverdin. The process was regulated by controlling the dose. The general rate constant of the depletion process was estimated at a dose rate of 5.67·10⁻²Gy·s⁻¹. The method is a convenient substitute for light illumination studies of bilirubin. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Novel dye-attached macroporous films for cadmium, zinc and lead sorption: Alkali Blue 6B-attached macroporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

Alkali Blue 6B-attached poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) microporous films were investigated as chelate forming sorbents for heavy metal removal. Poly(HEMA) microporous films were prepared by UV-initiated photo-polymerization of HEMA in the presence of an initiator (azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)). Alkali Blue 6B was attached covalently. These films with a swelling ratio of 58%, and carrying 14.8 mmol Alkali Blue 6B m(-2) which were then used in the removal of Cd(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous media. Adsorption rates were very high, equilibrium was achieved in about 30 min. The maximum adsorption of heavy metal ions onto the Alkali Blue 6B-attached films were 41.4 mmol m(-2) for Cd(II), 52.4 mmol m(-2) for Zn(II), and 64.5 mmol m(-2) for Pb(II). When the heavy metal ions competed during the adsorption from a mixture the adsorption values for Cd(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) were quite close. Heavy metal ions were desorbed by using 0.1 M HNO(3). A significant amount of the adsorbed heavy metal ions (up to 95%) could be desorbed in 30 min. Repeated adsorption/desorption cycles showed the feasibility of these novel dye-attached microporous films for heavy metal removal.     

Selective adsorption, pre-concentration and matrix elimination for the determination of Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Cr(III) using 1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane-3,11-diol anchored poly (p-chloromethylstyrene-ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) microbeads

Poly(p-chloromethylstyrene-ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) polymeric microbeads, poly(p-CMS-EGDMA), were synthesized and 1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane-3,11-diol (S4HD) was attached chemically onto the polymeric microbeads. Characterization of all microbeads was done by Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and elemental analyzer. The amount of attached 1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane-3,11-diol to the polymer was found to be 2.23 mmol g⁻¹ polymers. The ligand attached microbeads, poly(p-CMS-EGDMA-S4HD), were used to examine the adsorption capacity of Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Cr(II) ions for recovery, pre-concentration and the matrix elimination by changing the pH and the initial metal ion concentrations and also adsorption kinetics of the studied metal ions was determined. Pre-concentration factors for the studied toxic metal ions were found to be more than 500-fold and recovery was between 92 and 106%. In the drinking, lake, tap and sea-water samples from water lands, ultra-trace toxic metal ion concentrations were determined easily by using ligand modified microbeads after pre-concentration because of the high pre-concentration factor and easily matrix elimination using ligand modified microbeads. Reference sea-water material was used for the validation of the method and it was found that recovery, pre-concentration and the matrix elimination were performed perfectly. For the desorption of the toxic metal ions, 3 M HCl containing 0.8 M thiourea was used and desorption ratio was obtained more than 96%.     

Synthesis and determination of pKa values of some new 3,4-disubstituted-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one derivatives in non-aqueous solvents

3-Alkyl(Aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (2) reacted with 2-furoyl chloride and thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride to afford the corresponding 3- alkyl(aryl)-4-(2-furoylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (3) and 3-alkyl(aryl)- 4-(2-thienylcarbonylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (4), respectively. The new compounds synthesized were characterized by using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and UV spectral data together with elemental analysis. In addition, to investigate the effects of solvents and molecular structure upon acidity, compounds 3 and 4 were titrated potentiometrically with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in four non-aqueous solvents (isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, N,N-dimethylformamide and acetonitrile). The half-neutralization potential values and the corresponding pKa values were determined for all cases.     

The first bis(orotato–N,O) complex: Synthesis,crystal structure,spectroscopic and thermal characterization of (chaH)2[Cu(HOr–N,O)2(cha)] · 2H2O (cha = cyclohexylamine and HOr = orotate(2−))

The novel bis(cyclohexylaminium) cyclohexylaminebis(orotate–N,O)cuprate(II) dihydrate, (C₆H₁₅N)₂[Cu(C₅H₂N₂O₄)₂(C₆H₁₄N)] · 2H₂O, has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic measurements, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The Cu(II) complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c. The copper atom in the five-coordinated (chaH)₂[Cu(HOr–N,O)₂(cha)] · 2H₂O is chelated by a deprotonated pyrimidine nitrogen atom and carboxylate oxygen atom as a bis(bidentate) ligand and the cyclohexylamine ligand completes the square-pyramidal coordination. The thermal decomposition of the complex has been predicted by the help of thermal analysis (TG, DTG and DTA).     

Pyrimidines,Part XXXI . Synthesis,reactions and properties of 6-acyl-1,3-dimethylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones

Acylations of 1,3-dimethyl- ( 1 ) and 1,3,7-trimethylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione ( 2 ) with anhydrides in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid proceed well to give in good yields the corresponding 7-acyl derivatives 3–11 . The 6-trichloroacetyl derivatives 5 and 6 are sensitive towards nucleophiles, which displace the trichloromethyl group easily by formation of the corresponding 6-carboxylic acid derivatives 12–23. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, uv and ¹H nmr spectra and pK_a, determinations.     

Synthesis, structural characterization and electrochemical studies of new macrocyclic Schiff base containing pyridine head and its metal complexes

A new macrocyclic ligand, 1,3,5-triaza-2,4:7,8:13,14-tribenzo-9,12-dioksa-cyclopentadeca-1,5-diene was synthesized by reaction of 2,6-diaminopyridine and 1,2-bis(2-carboxyaldehyde phenoxy)ethane. Then, its Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Co(III) and La(III) complexes were synthesized by the template effect by the reaction of 2,6-diaminopyridine and 1,2-bis(2-carboxyaldehyde phenoxy)ethane and Cu(NO₃)₂ · 3H₂O, Ni(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O, Pb(NO₃)₂, Co(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O, La(NO₃)₃ · 6H₂O, respectively. The ligand and its metal complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, UV-Vis spectra, magnetic susceptibility, thermal gravimetric analysis, conductivity measurements, mass spectra, and cyclic voltammetry. All complexes are diamagnetic and Cu(II) complex is binuclear. The Co(II) was oxidized to Co(III). The comparative electrochemical studies show that the nickel complex exhibited a quasi-reversible one-electron reduction process, while copper and cobalt complexes gave irreversible reduction processes in DMSO solution.     

Preparation of dye sensitized titanium oxide nanoparticles for solar cell applications

A new method for synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-dye nanoparticles is reported. TiO₂ nanocrystals were obtained at 150 and 200 °C by using chemically bonded TiO₂-sensitizer dye as a precursor. Titanium tetraisopropoxide was first modified with a dye molecule and then precipitated by dropping into acidic water. A strongly colored precipitate was obtained. Hydrothermal growth of a colloidal solution was carried out in a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave. Dye sensitized solar cell efficiencies obtained were comparable and fill factor values were close to the analogous cells prepared by the use of conventional TiO₂ paste techniques. This method allows the use of different substrates together with nanocrystalline TiO₂ for many technological applications.