Synthesis and Reactivity of the First Isolated Hydrogen‐Bridged Silanol–Silanolate Anions

We report on the first examples of isolated silanol–silanolate anions, obtained by utilizing weakly coordinating phosphazenium counterions. The silanolate anions were synthesized from the recently published phosphazenium hydroxide hydrate salt with siloxanes. The silanol–silanolate anions are postulated intermediates in the hydroxide‐mediated polymerization of aryl and alkyl siloxanes. The silanolate anions are strong nucleophiles because of the weakly coordinating character of the phosphazenium cation, which is perceptible in their activity in polysiloxane depolymerization.     

Synchronous Full-Scan for Asynchronous Handshake Circuits

Handshake circuits form a special class of asynchronous circuits that has enabled the industrial exploitation of the asynchronous potential such as low power, low electromagnetic emission, and increased cryptographic security. In this paper we present a test solution for handshake circuits that brings synchronous test-quality to asynchronous circuits. We add a synchronous mode of operation to handshake circuits that allows full controllability and observability during test. This technique is demonstrated on some industrial examples and gives over 99% stuck-at fault coverage, using test-pattern generators developed for synchronous circuits. The paper describes how such a full-scan mode can be achieved, including an approach to minimize the number of dummy latches in case latches are used in the data path of the handshake circuit.     

Absolutely indecomposable symmetric matrices

Let A be a symmetric matrix of size n×n with entries in some (commutative) field K. We study the possibility of decomposing A into two blocks by conjugation by an orthogonal matrix T∈Mat_n(K). We say that A is absolutely indecomposable if it is indecomposable over every extension of the base field. If K is formally real then every symmetric matrix A diagonalizes orthogonally over the real closure of K. Assume that K is a not formally real and of level s. We prove that in Mat_n(K) there exist symmetric, absolutely indecomposable matrices iff n is congruent to 0, 1 or −1 modulo 2s.     

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