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1.
An experimental balanced optical second-order phase-locked loop constructed using 1320 nm diode laser pumped miniature Nd:YAG lasers is discussed. The loop is stable and has a phase error of less than 1.8° when the received signal power is -65 dBm or more. The phase error appears to be dominated by the lasers' frequency noise as long as the signal power is more than -60 dBm 相似文献
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Gregory B. Kharas Emi Hanawa Benjamin L. Hill Salima Atlas Mustapha Raihane 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(7):650-655
Copolymerization of 2-phenyl-1,1-dicyanoethylene (PDE) with 4-fluorostyrene and pentafluorostyrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70°C yielded random copolymers with PDE alternating units. The composition of the copolymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis and the structure was analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. The order of relative reactivity (1/r1) and the tendency toward alternation of monomer units in the copolymer for these two monomers, is 4-fluorostyrene (1.96) > pentafluorostyrene (0.51). Higher glass transition temperature of the copolymers in comparison with that of homopolymers indicates a decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. 相似文献
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Mustapha Raihane Valter Castelvetro Sabrina Bianchi Salima Atlas Bruno Ameduri 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2010,48(21):4900-4908
A novel copolymer of vinylidene cyanide (VCN) and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate (MATRIF) was synthesized by bulk free radical process in a 52% yield from an equimolar comonomer feed. The copolymer's composition and microstructure were analyzed by FTIR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, SEC, and elemental analysis. The reactivity ratios calculated from both the Q‐e Alfrey‐Price parameters and the Jenkins' Patterns Scheme indicate a tendency to alternation in the copolymerization, the latter method suggesting that MATRIF homopropagation be slightly favoured (rV = r12 = 0.1, rM = r21 = 0.3). The molar incorporation of VCN in the copolymer was only 42 mol % according to the 9.0 wt % nitrogen content determined by elemental analysis, in good agreement with the value obtained by 1H‐NMR. High‐resolution 1H and 13C‐NMR spectra were used to study the microstructure of the copolymer. As an example, the three well‐resolved carbonyl resonances in the 13C‐NMR spectrum were assigned to the MATRIF‐centered triads VMV, VMM, and MMM, respectively, (V and M stand for VCN and MATRIF, respectively). The presence of VCN dyads (e.g., in VVM and VVV sequences) was shown to be marginal or absent altogether. Thermogravimetric analysis of poly(VCN‐co‐MATRIF) copolymer showed good thermal stability, and its main pyrolytic degradation taking place only above 368 °C. A 4% weight loss at about 222 °C suggested the presence of a few VCN homodyads, possibly inducing thermal depolymerization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010 相似文献
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E.G. Merino S. Atlas M. Raihane A. Belfkira M. Lahcini A. Hult M. Dionísio N.T. Correia 《European Polymer Journal》2011,(7):1429-1446
Aiming to develop new dielectric polymers containing CN and F groups with strong dipole moments, a novel copolymer of acrylonitrile (AN) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate (ATRIF) was synthesized in acetonitrile by free radical process as well as the respective homopolymer (poly(ATRIF)). The copolymer’s composition and microstructure were analyzed by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and SEC. The molar incorporation of AN determined in the copolymer by NMR was 58 mol%. Thermogravimetric analysis of poly(AN-co-ATRIF) copolymer showed good thermal stability comparatively to the fluorinated homopolymer.Both copolymer, poly(AN-co-ATRIF), and homopolymer, poly(ATRIF), were dielectrically characterized over a frequency range from 10−1 to 106 Hz, and in a temperature range from 223 to 393 K. The dominating relaxation process detected in both materials is the α-relaxation, associated with the dynamic glass transition. A VFTH temperature dependence of the relaxation times (τ) was found for both materials, as characteristic of cooperative processes, from which the respective glass transition temperatures (Tg(τ = 100 s)) were estimated, which differ ∼40 K, the one of the copolymer being higher (307 K) in accordance to the calorimetric analysis. This effect was attributed to a higher stiffness of the backbone in the copolymer originated by the inclusion of the acrylonitrile groups. Both relaxation functions have the same breath of relaxation times allowing constructing a single master curve, indicating similar non-exponential character. A less fragile behavior was found for the copolymer. This was rationalized in a more straightforward way by the free volume approach instead from a correlation between fragility and intermolecular coupling. It was found that in the copolymer the free volume increases at a lower rate with the temperature increase. It was inferred from the VFTH temperature dependence of the dc conductivity and low values of the decoupling index that ion motion is significantly influenced by the dynamics of the α-process. 相似文献
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Kenneth M. Glover David Atlas 《Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP)》1963,14(5):563-573
Résumé La section droite de diffusion arrière de sphères de grand diamètre constituées par de la glace ou une matière (Stycast) ayant le même indice de réfraction est envisagée d'une manière à la fois théorique et expérimentale. La section droite est évaluée théoriquement par l'application d'une méthode d'optique géométrique simplifiée dans laquelle on considère seulement les réflexions sur les faces avant et arrière de la sphère. Dans le domaine du rapport diamètre/longueur d'onde de l'ordre de 1,3 à 6,7, les résultats obtenus par cette méthode s'accordent bien avec le calcul rigoureux de la section droite obtenu par la solution de l'équation demie. Pour des diamètres plus grands, la solution approchée sous-estime la section droite demie par un facteur qui est cependant plus petit que 3. La théorie simplifiée est étendue au cas de sphères diélectriques ayant leur surface partiellement couverte par une couche réfléchissante.Des données expérimentales sur la diffusion arrière, à une longuer d'onde de 3,22 cm, par des sphères en Stycast recouvertes d'une calotte sphérique de petite dimension, sont présentées dans le but d'illustrer la théorie précédente. En effet, les résultats obtenus, pour toutes les positions de la calotte sphérique au cours de sa rotation autour d'un axe vertical, sont en plein accord, dans la limite des erreurs expérimentales, avec la théorie faisant intervenir la composition de 3 parcours optiques principaux.
A summary of this work was presented at the Tenth Weather Radar Conference, Washington, D. C., April 22–25, 1963. 相似文献
A summary of this work was presented at the Tenth Weather Radar Conference, Washington, D. C., April 22–25, 1963. 相似文献
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Riskin E.A. Ladner R. Ren-Yuh Wang Atlas L.E. 《IEEE transactions on image processing》1994,3(3):307-312
The authors study codeword index assignment to allow for progressive image transmission of fixed rate full-search vector quantization (VQ). They develop three new methods of assigning indices to a vector quantization codebook and formulate these assignments as labels of nodes of a full-search progressive transmission tree. The tree is used to design intermediate codewords for the decoder so that full-search VQ has a successive approximation character. The binary representation for the path through the tree represents the progressive transmission code. The methods of designing the tree that they apply are the generalized Lloyd algorithm, minimum cost perfect matching from optimization theory, and a method of principal component partitioning. Their empirical results show that the final method gives intermediate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) that are close to those obtained with tree-structured vector quantization, yet they have higher final SNRs. 相似文献
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The energies of a pair of strongly interacting subsystems with arbitrary noninteger charges are examined from closed- and open-system perspectives. An ensemble representation of the charge dependence is derived, valid at all interaction strengths. Transforming from resonance-state ionicity to ensemble charge dependence imposes physical constraints on the occupation numbers in the strong-interaction limit. For open systems, the chemical potential is evaluated using microscopic and thermodynamic models, leading to a novel correlation between ground-state charge and an electronic temperature. 相似文献
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Nargis Jamila Naeem Khan Imran Khan Amir Atlas Khan Sadiq Noor Khan 《Natural product research》2016,30(12):1388-1397
The dichloromethane bark extract of Garcinia hombroniana yielded one new cycloartane triterpene; (22Z,24E)-3β-hydroxycycloart-14,22,24-trien-26-oic acid (1) together with five known compounds: garcihombronane G (2), garcihombronane J (3), 3β acetoxy-9α-hydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-14,24-dien-26-oic acid (4), (22Z, 24E)-3β, 9α-dihydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-14,22,24-trien-26-oic acid (5) and 3β, 23α-dihydroxy-17,14-friedolanostan-8,14,24-trien-26-oic acid (6). Their structures were established by the spectral techniques of NMR and ESI-MS. These compounds together with some previously isolated compounds; garcihombronane B (7), garcihombronane D (8) 2,3’,4,5’-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxybenzophenone (9), volkensiflavone (10), 4’’-O-methyll-volkensiflavone (11), volkensiflavone-7-O-glucopyranoside (12), volkensiflavone-7-O-rhamnopyranoside (13), Morelloflavone (14), 3’’-O-methyl-morelloflavone (15) and morelloflavone-7-O-glucopyranoside (16) were evaluated for cholinesterase enzymes inhibitory activities using acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. In these activities, compounds 1–9 showed good dual inhibition on both the enzymes while compounds 10–16 did not reasonably contribute to both the cholinesterases inhibitory effects. 相似文献
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In this article members of the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Technical Committee (TC) report recent breakthroughs in signal processing fundamentals that have happened in the last two decades. These breakthroughs include various advances and extensions from old techniques to new techniques. For example, signal processing techniques have moved from single-rate to multirate processing, from time-invariant to adaptive processing, from frequency-domain (the traditional Fourier transform, as we know it) to time-frequency analysis, and from linear to non-linear signal processing. Recent developments in these areas have not only renovated the theory of digital signal processing, they have also resulted in new tools that find applications in various domains. For instance, multirate signal processing has triggered recent advances in modem technology and speech/audio coding; adaptive filtering has made echo cancellation and noise suppression possible; time-frequency analysis has found its way into various applications in radar and medical signal processing; and non-linear processing has made engineers rethink various problems in speech recognition and image analysis. This article provides an extensive list of highlights from these recent developments. 相似文献