Numerical solutions of Green''s integral equation for the diffraction of femtosecond laser pulses through a subwavelength aperture

In this letter,we propose a method for the numerical calculations of the femtosecond laser pulse passed through a subwavelength aperture.The time-dependent laser pulse is decomposed into a series of monochromatic simple harmoniv waves.For the light field of the harmonic wave with a single frequency,the numerical calculation is made based on the solution of the Green's integral equation set of the electro-magnetic waves.Such numerical solution is iterated for all the waves with different frequencies,and all thenumerical solutions are transformed into the light fields in the time domain by inverse Fourier transform.The light intensity distributions transmitted the subwavelength aperture are calculated and the resultsshow the propagation of the light field is along the direction of the medium interface.     

Harris角点在金属材料硬度检测中的应用

为了检测金属材料硬度,采用规定形状的压头在抛光材料表面挤压一个不规则方形,测量方形对角线的长度可得出所测材料硬度指标。提出一种利用图像处理技术实现方形对角线长度的精确测量实现材料硬度检测的新方法。应用Harris算子求取方形边缘的角点,再将图像分为四部分后,对每个半边缘进行最小二乘法直线拟合,求得方形的顶角便可得出方形对角线的像素距离。通过对游标卡尺图片进行映射处理求得计算基准,最终得出方形对角线实际长度。实验表明该算法实现了无需人工参与的全自动对角线检测算法精度和速度直接影响了整个检测过程的精度和速度。长度精度达到微米级别,求解材料硬度达到了2%的误差要求。该方法具有很快的计算速度,可用于实时的材料硬度全自动检测工程中。     

表面活性剂在P型锗片磨削工艺中的应用

由于锗材料具有优良的抗辐射性能,在航天领域获得了新的应用。在锗单晶片的磨削过程中,砂轮磨损产生的颗粒以及磨削下来的锗屑容易将砂轮阻塞,从而对锗单晶片表面的磨削纹路产生影响。通过试验,在去离子水管路上增加一条表面活性剂管路,可有效减少砂轮阻塞现象,降低砂轮修整的频率,提高了锗磨削片的表面质量。     

Oscillatory disturbance in force calibration of optical tweezers

In the calibration of the optical trap stiffness, it is found that there appears an attenuating oscillation as an oscillatory disturbance added to the trapped bead movement, when the scanner is driven by a triangular wave input.An equivalent oscillator model is put forward to explain the mechanism of the oscillatory disturbance. Both the measurements and calculations show that the attenuating oscillation comes from the oscillation of the scanner and the triangular wave drive causes this additional oscillation of the scanner. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the oscillatory disturbance will become stronger, when the stiffness of the trap increases or the natural frequency of the scanner decreases. We adopt another driving way, i.e. a sinusoidal wave input is used instead of the triangular wave input. Our experiment has verified that in this case the oscillatory disturbance is eliminated completely.     

Mechanical Properties of Breast Cancer Cell Membrane Studied with Optical Tweezers

Membrane tethers are extracted from breast cancer cells using a force generated by an optical trap. It is experimentally obtained that the radius of tether is about 0.1μm and the static tether force is about 8.5 pN. Calculations based on the experimental measurements give a bending modulus for the tether of 1.35 x 10^-19 N.m and a surface membrane tension of 6.76 x 10^-6 N/m in the breast cancer cell. The treatment with cytochalasin D results in the decreasing bending modulus and decreasing apparent surface tension. When the membrane protein caveolin is over-expressed, similar cases occur in bending modulus and apparent surface tension. In addition, the viscous resistance coefficient of the membrane is calculated to be 1.15pN.s/μm according to the dynamic tether forces obtained under different pulling velocities.     

锗单晶片的碱性腐蚀特性分析

讨论了锗单晶研磨片在强碱性腐蚀液和弱碱性腐蚀液中的腐蚀特性.研究了锗单晶片在两种不同腐蚀液中的腐蚀速率随腐蚀液温度、浓度的变化规律.通过探索腐蚀速率、表面光洁度及腐蚀去除量和表面粗糙度的关系,可知腐蚀片表面光洁度和腐蚀速率有关而与去除量无关.腐蚀片的表面粗糙度和去除量有关,去除量越大,粗糙度越大.表面粗糙度也与腐蚀液的碱性强弱有关,当去除量相同时,在强碱性腐蚀液中的锗腐蚀片的表面粗糙度更小.在实际应用中,应针对不同目的,选择适宜的化学腐蚀工艺.     

遮挡情况下目标跟踪算法综述

目标跟踪是机器视觉的核心问题之一。由于被跟踪目标本身特征的多样性,所处环境的复杂性,使得目标跟踪成为一个极富挑战性的课题。特别是跟踪过程中出现的遮挡问题,一直是目标跟踪中的难点。如何有效处理遮挡,尤其是严重遮挡和全部遮挡,成为限制目标跟踪算法鲁棒性的关键因素。本文对国内外现有的遮挡情况下的目标跟踪算法进行了总结和分类,阐述了各种算法的基本思想,简要介绍了其代表性的算法,指出了算法的适用场合,分析了算法的优缺点。文章最后对遮挡情况下的目标跟踪做了必要的讨论。