Use of synchronization methods for measurement of fluctuations in ultralow-noise solid-state microwave oscillators

The amplitude and frequency fluctuations of a synchronized oscillator and the fluctuations of the phase difference between input and output are examined. Synchronization methods are demonstrated for measurement of the frequency fluctuations of ultralow-noise low-power microwave oscillators, for which conventional methods are unsuitable. The methods are verified.Presented at All-Union Coordinating Conference Low-Frequency Noise in Semiconductor Devices (Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, June, 1991).St. Petersburg State Technical University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 36, No. 12, pp. 1153–1162, December, 1993.     

Tent map as an abstract model of open system evolution

The irreversible equations of thermodynamic transport phenomena are changed to tent mapping. It is shown that a tent map may serve as a model of an open system capable of self-organization and evolution.     

Optimization of the Energy Parameters of an Ultrashort Electromagnetic Pulse Radiator Based on a Unipolar Electric Pulse Oscillator

Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics - It has been proved by computer simulation methods that for given antenna parameters, three parts of energy of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses, namely,...     

Evolution of self-organizing systems from the standpoint of mechanics and thermodynamics

The extension of the principle of least action for many-particle systems has shown that the natural evolution of processes in the environment is governed largely by kinetic-to-potential energy conversion. A relation with the variational principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics is established. It is shown that the birth and aging of structures are controlled by the principle of minimization of the integral Lagrangian, the role of which in mechanics is not less significant than the role of the law of degradation of energy (the second law of thermodynamics) in thermodynamics.     

Low-frequency noise of Schottky diodes operating under DC bias and as hf and vhf detectors

A Schottky diode (SD) is represented by an equivalent circuit containing two parallel-connected diodes characterizing the properties of the inner and outer regions of the diode. A noise model of an SD is examined that includes four mutually independent hf noise sources localized in the junctions and base resistances of the inner and outer diodes. The model explains the diverse dependences of SD noise on current, temperature, and coefficient of ideality as well as the noise behavior of SDs operating as hf and vhf detectors.Presented at All-Union Coordinating Conference Low-Frequency Noise in Semiconductor Devices (Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, June, 1991).St. Petersburg State Technical University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 242–253, February, 1994.     

Effect of Schottky-diode barrier capacitance on low-frequency noise of microwave detector

It is shown experimentally and theoretically that low-frquency-noise sources localized in the transition region and in the base resistance of a Schottky diode change their contribution to the retified-current noise by an order of magnitude or more under the influence of the barrier capacitance: the more the barrier capacitance shunts the junction at the high frequency, the higher the detector's noise level. Fluctuations of the barrier capacitance caused by fluctuations of the electron-trap occupation in the space-charge region do not manifest themselves in the noise of the studied detectors.St. Petersburg State Technical University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 407–420, May, 1992.     

Method for determining the number of uncorrelated sources of low-frequency noise in nonlinear two-pole networks

We present the theoretical foundation and a method for practical implementation of the pulsed method for determining the number of uncorrelated sources of low-frequency noise in nonlinear devices. The method is based on the measurement of the cross-correlation factor of amplitude fluctuations of two periodic trains of current pulses with different amplitude magnitudes.State Technical University, St. Petersburg. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 481–490, May, 1995.     

Differences and similarities between self-organizing and organized systems

The energy and dynamic characteristics of self-organizing and organized physical systems in which particles interact via electric fields are consistently considered in terms of the integral Lagrangian minimization. It is shown that the energy dissipation plays a minor role in self-organization processes. Two types of work are distinguished, basic differences and similarities between the systems are revealed, and comparison with living organisms is made.     

The Ranque effect as a self-organization phenomenon

The principle of integral Lagrangian minimization is used to explain the basic phenomena taking place in a vortex tube: separation of gas molecules in energy, tendency for an increase in the Mach number, and gas temperature nonadiabatic radial distribution. Reasons for turbulence are discussed.     

Comparison of Sources of Narrowband and Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Pulses in Terms of the Efficiency of their Impact on Electronic Tools

Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics - We solve the problem of determination of the conditions under which the source of microwave pulses and the source of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses...