Complete destruction of heavy nuclei by hadrons and nuclei

The total disintegration is considered of nuclei with atomic weights ～100 and 200 by high energy hadrons and He⁴, C¹² nuclei with a momentum of 4.5 GeV/c per nucleon. It is shown that mainly nucleons are emitted, and there is no residual nucleus the mass of which is comparable to that of the primary nucleus. The probability of total disintegration is considered as a function of projectile energy and mass. The multiplicity, energy and emission angle of particles are considered as well. It is shown that the density of nuclear matter in the overlap zone of colliding nuclei exceeds the usual one by a factor of ～4. A comparison is made with interaction models. A conclusion is drawn of the collective interaction mechanism (perhaps, of the shock wave type) of particle ejection from the target nucleus at the first stage of interaction and of explosive decay of the residual nucleus at the next one.     

Radiation hydrodynamics of supernova shock breakouts

The first powerful burst of photon radiation in a supernova appears when the shock front is a few photon mean-free paths below the star photosphere. This is called “shock breakout” and it is the first observable event after the neutrino and gravitational wave bursts in core-collapsing supernovae. Any early information about collapse is vitally important for understanding the physics of explosion, constraining speed of neutrino propagation etc. Direct observations of shock breakouts have been carried out in a few supernovae. We discuss some puzzles related to those objects. Finally, we describe our current understanding of the most luminous (hyper-)supernovae. Their long living radiative shocks pause many interesting problems in numerical and laboratory astrophysics and may have important applications in cosmology.     

9.38 GeV/c deuteron stripping on photoemulsion nuclei

The interaction of relativistic deuterons with photoemulsion nuclei has been investigated. The photoemulsion method makes it possible to precisely measure small angles between relativistic particles in reactions and to select unambiguously the events of inelastic deuteron absorption. Proton stripping in the interaction of 9.38 GeV/c deuterons has been investigated.     

Interactions of 9.4 GeV/c deuterons in an emulsion: Multiplicity and angular distributions

An analysis of 1650 stars induced by 9.4 GeV/c deuterons in a nuclear emulsion is presented. Multiplicity and angular distributions of secondaries are discussed.     

The Linear Kerr Effect

Russian Physics Journal -     

Electrooptical modulation of broadband light with Gaussian amplitude distribution over the spectrum

Physical principles of the operation of an optical modulator that employs, as a light source, a laser or light-emitting diode with a spectral width up to several tens of nanometers are considered. The half-wave voltage and modulation depth of the light are found with allowance for the spectral distribution of the amplitude and refractive index dispersion.     

Reactive Compatibilization of Polyethylene/Ground Tire Rubber Inhomogeneous Blends via Interactions of Pre-Functionalized Polymers in Interface

Summary: Reactive compatibilization of recycled low- or high-density polyethylenes (LDPE and HDPE, respectively) and ground tire rubber (GTR) via chemical interactions of pre-functionalized components in their blend interface has been carried out. Polyethylene component was functionalized with maleic anhydride (MAH) as well as the rubber component was modified via functionalization with MAH or acrylamide (AAm) using chemically or irradiation (γ-rays) induced grafting techniques. The grafting degree and molecular mass distribution of the functionalized polymers have been measured via FTIR and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) analyses, respectively. Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) materials based on synthesized reactive polyethylenes and GTR as well as ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, EPDM were prepared by dynamic vulcanization of the rubber phase inside thermoplastic (polyethylene) matrix and their phase structure, and main properties have been studied using DSC and mechanical testing. As a final result, the high performance TPE with improved mechanical properties have been developed.