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1.
In the present work, the use of cylindrical turbulators in a double pipe heat exchanger has been investigated. Cylindrical fin type of turbulators has been placed circumferentially separated by 90° on the outer side of an inner pipe at a regular pitch. Experimental studies were undertaken for different air flow rates in a turbulent regime whose Reynolds number range between 2500 and 10000. Heat transfer characteristics like Nu and friction factor have been experimentally determined. Parametric studies were conducted by changing the pitch and also the orientation of the turbulators. Nu and friction factor were found to increase as the pitch is reduced. A model with alternatively changed orientation outperformed others by exhibiting highest Nu and reduced friction factor. 相似文献
2.
A novel and simple two-frequency Brillouin fiber laser is presented. It is based on a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity with fiber Bragg gratings as reflectors. The model of stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber grating-based Fabry-Perot resonator is investigated. The laser allows conversion efficiency of close to 100% and suppresses the higher-order Stokes waves. The theoretical prediction is presented and the experimental demonstration is realized. 相似文献
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本文描述了用膜吸收法测量激光等离子体辐射温度空间分布的原理和方法给出了柱形缝靶轴向辐射温度随空间位置变化的特征,对测量结果进行了分析讨论。 相似文献
5.
针对高功率二极管重复率抽运的V型非稳腔Yb3+∶YAG激光头,提出了利用金刚石窗口冷却和直接水冷相结合的复合冷却设计.在YAG片的抽运面进行直接水冷,同时在激光提取面利用金刚石窗口冷却介质.金刚石优异的导热性能不仅能够有效地冷却激光介质,还能消除横向的温度梯度,解决了高功率激光器冷却和高功率抽运的矛盾.模拟结果表明对掺杂10 at %厚度为1.6 mm的Yb3+∶YAG片在抽运功率密度为20 kW/cm2,重复频率为10 Hz的条件下,要将最高温度控制在可接受的范围内(比如320 K),周围冷却水的对流换热系数约为4000 W/m2K. 相似文献
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考虑具常数特征拟线性双曲型方程,提出一个新的可化约方程组的方法,证明了具常特征方程组Cauchy问题经典解的整体存在性定理.同时构造一些例子说明一些有趣的现象. 相似文献
7.
Ziqing Duan Xiaofeng Wang Danfeng Yang Xiaoming Pan Pingchu Wang 《Solid State Communications》2005,134(8):559-563
0.65Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.35PbTiO3 (PINT65/35) (starting composition) single crystals were grown successfully through the solution Bridgman technique using PbO flux and PMNT67/33 seed crystals. Because of the composition variation, the final composition of achievable crystals is in a range of 0.32-0.34 with the corresponding Tc range of 265-269 °C. The (001) plates of as-grown PINT66/34 single crystals show high Curie temperature (Tc=269 °C) and rhombohedral-tetragonal phase transition temperature (Trt=134 °C). Besides, good electrical properties with high dielectric constant (ε>3000), low dielectric loss (tan δ∼1.2%), high piezoelectric constant (d33∼2000 pC/N) and large electromechanical coupling factor (kt≈59%) at room temperature have been obtained on the (001) plates. The sound velocity, acoustic impedance and other piezoelectric parameters were also measured on the (001) plates in this study, which provide us more detailed information about PINT66/34 single crystals. 相似文献
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二阶Melnikov函数及其应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在Melnikov函数的种种应用中,目前常见到的仅是一阶形式。本文具体推导了二阶Melnikov函数的分析表达,提出了临界情况下考察双曲鞍点的稳定流形与不稳定流形相对位置的二阶判据,并成功地用于环面vanderPol方程的研究中。 相似文献
10.
Yiwang Chen Dongmei Liu Qilan Deng Xiaohui He Xiaofeng Wang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(11):3434-3443
The direct preparation of grafting polymer brushes from commercial poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films with surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is demonstrated. The direct initiation of the secondary fluorinated site of PVDF facilitated grafting of the hydrophilic monomers from the PVDF surface. Homopolymer brushes of 2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and poly (ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA) were prepared by ATRP from the PVDF surface. The chemical composition and surface topography of the graft‐functionalized PVDF surfaces were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. A kinetic study revealed a linear increase in the graft concentration of poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) and poly[poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate] (PPEGMA) with the reaction time, indicating that the chain growth from the surface was consistent with a controlled or living process. The living chain ends were used as macroinitiators for the synthesis of diblock copolymer brushes. The water contact angles on PVDF films were reduced by the surface grafting of DMAEMA and PEGMA. Protein adsorption experiments revealed a substantial antifouling property of PPEGMA‐grafted PVDF films and PDMAEMA‐grafted PVDF films in comparison with the pristine PVDF surface. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3434–3443, 2006 相似文献