Effects of neutron skin on the excitation of isovector modes of neutron-rich nuclei

The existence of a neutron skin in neutron-rich nuclei is discussed in connection with the excitation of isovector dipole and quadrupole giant modes via isoscalar nuclear probes. In the case of large neutron excess, important contributions are obtained from the nuclear excitation, which may even become predominant according to proper kinematical conditions. At variance with the usual situation encountered in inelastic processes, constructive interference can be found between nuclear and Coulomb contributions.     

A longitudinal study of MR diffusion changes in normal appearing white matter of patients with early multiple sclerosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The stage at which normal appearing white matter (NAWM) abnormalities first appear in multiple sclerosis (MS) is not clear. The aim of our study was to monitor water diffusion changes over time in NAWM of patients with early MS.METHODS: Out of a consecutive series of patients enrolled in a MR study on clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), we selected 19 subjects who had completed a one year follow-up. The MR scans obtained at baseline and at 12 months were reviewed according to the new criteria on the diagnosis of MS. Lesion load on T2 and T1 weighted images and the trace of the apparent diffusion coefficient in NAWM were measured both at baseline and at 12 months in patients and in 12 healthy controls.RESULTS: In three patients the diagnosis of MS was done at baseline based on MR. Thirteen patients developed MS during the study and in three patients the diagnosis remained "possible MS." TADC in NAWM in patients was significantly higher than in controls at the 12 months' follow-up but not at baseline (controls mean tADC +/- sd = 0.745 +/- 0.02 mm(2)/sec x 10(-3); patients mean tADC(12) +/- sd = 0.767 +/- 0.02 mm(2)/sec x 10(-3); p < 0.02). TADC and T2 lesion load at 12 months were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). Patients exhibiting tADC(12) above a confidence interval had a significantly greater EDSS score at the same time period (EDSS(12) +/- sd = 1.9 +/- 0.5 and = 1.1 +/- 0.4 respectively; p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that diffusion MR cannot detect alterations in NAWM of patients with a CIS suggestive of MS. After one year, when most patients develop MS, diffusion MR abnormalities in NAWM become apparent. These abnormalities are correlated with T2 lesion load and may contribute to neurological impairment.     

First identification of excited states in 59Zn

Excited states in ⁵⁹Zn were observed for the first time following the fusion-evaporation reaction ²⁴Mg + ⁴⁰Ca at a beam energy of 60 MeV. The GASP array in conjunction with the ISIS Silicon ball and the NeutronRing allowed for the detection of γ-rays in coincidence with evaporated light particles. The mirror symmetry of ⁵⁹Zn and ⁵⁹Cu is discussed. Received: 28 May 2002 / Accepted: 10 July 2002 / Published online: 3 December 2002 RID="a" ID="a"Present address: Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom; e-mail: ca@ns.ph.liv.ac.uk. RID="b" ID="b"Present address: Physik-Departament, Technische Universit?t München, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Communicated by W. Henning     

Spectroscopy of 40Ca and negative-parity bands

We have studied the reactions as well as the binary channel , in order to search for deformed states, which form rotational bands in ⁴⁰Ca. We observe positive- and negative-parity bands. The negative-parity band is proposed to be a partner of an inversion doublet with the positive-parity states being based on 4p-4h configurations. The properties of the positive-parity states are discussed on the basis of the shell model and the parity doublet on the basis of a cluster model with intrinsic reflection asymmetric shapes.Received: 2 May 2003, Revised: 23 September 2003, Published online: 20 January 2004PACS: 21.10.-k Properties of nuclei; nuclear energy levels - 21.60.Gx Cluster models     

Excited states in 163,164Ho populated through incomplete-fusion reactions

High-spin states in ^163,164Ho were investigated by means of in-beam -ray spectroscopy techniques using the multidetector array GASP. Excited states in ^163,164Ho were populated predominantly through the incomplete-fusion mechanism in the ¹⁶⁰Gd (¹¹B reaction at a beam energy of 61 MeV. Known rotational bands in ¹⁶³ Ho have been extended to higher spins and a three-quasiparticle band has been observed in this nucleus. Rotational bands have been identified in ¹⁶⁴Ho and their configurations have been discussed. Empirical Gallagher-Moszkowski (GM) splitting energies were extracted from the and GM doublets. Alignments, band crossing frequencies, and electromagnetic properties have been analyzed in the framework of the cranking model.Received: 13 February 2004, Revised: 18 March 2004, Published online: 14 September 2004PACS: 21.10.Re Collective levels - 21.60.Ev Collective models - 23.20.Lv transitions and level energies - 27.70. + q      

Statistical mechanics based on Renyi entropy

In this work we show that it is possible to obtain a generalized statistical mechanics (thermostatistics) based on Renyi entropy, to be maximized with adequate constraints. The equilibrium probability distribution thus obtained has a very interesting property. Indeed, it reminds us the statistical distribution proposed by Tsallis, known to conveniently describe a variety of phenomena in nonextensive systems. Moreover, some examples are worked out in order to illustrate the main features of the herein introduced formalism.     

Deciding the existence of uniform interpolants over transitive models

We consider the problem of the existence of uniform interpolants in the modal logic K4. We first prove that all ${\square}$ -free formulas have uniform interpolants in this logic. In the general case, we shall prove that given a modal formula ${\phi}$ and a sublanguage L of the language of the formula, we can decide whether ${\phi}$ has a uniform interpolant with respect to L in K4. The ${\square}$ -free case is proved using a reduction to the G?del L?b Logic GL, while in the general case we prove that the question of whether a modal formula has uniform interpolants over transitive frames can be reduced to a decidable expressivity problem on the???-calculus.     

On a positive set theory with inequality

We introduce a quite natural Frege‐style set theory, which we call Strong‐Frege‐2 $(\mathsf {SF}_2)$, a sort of simplification of the theory considered in 13 (under the name Strong‐Frege‐3) and 1 (under the name F2). We give a model of a weaker variant of $\mathsf {SF}_2$, called $\mathsf {SF}_2\mathsf {AC}$, where atoms and coatoms are allowed. To construct the model we use an enumeration “almost without repetitions” of the Π¹₁ sets of natural numbers; such an enumeration can be obtained via a classical priority argument much in the style of 5 and 15 . © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim     

Anomalous diffusion governed by a fractional diffusion equation and the electrical response of an electrolytic cell

The electrical response of an electrolytic cell in which the diffusion of mobile ions in the bulk is governed by a fractional diffusion equation of distributed order is analyzed. The boundary conditions at the electrodes limiting the sample are described by an integro-differential equation governing the kinetic at the interface. The analysis is carried out by supposing that the positive and negative ions have the same mobility and that the electric potential profile across the sample satisfies the Poisson's equation. The results cover a rich variety of scenarios, including the ones connected to anomalous diffusion.