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排序方式: 共有163条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
E. Ruckenstein 《Chemical physics letters》1978,57(4):517-521
The adsorption of surfactant and cosurfactant on the surface of the globules decreases the interfacial tension between oil and water to very low values. In addition, the decrease of the bulk concentrations of the surfactant and cosurfactant decreases their chemical potential both in the bulk and at the interface, thus decreasing the free energy of the system (dilution effect). The thermodynamic stability of microemulsions is due to the fact that the total free energy change caused by these effects can become negative. The theory can explain the occurence of stable microemulsions for both non-ionic and ionic surfactants. 相似文献
2.
Strong adhesion and smooth conductive surface via graft polymerization of aniline on a modified glass fiber surface 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The goal of this paper is to prepare surface-conductive glass fibers. The fibers were first hydroxylated, after which they were reacted with 3-bromopropyltrichlorosilane to form a bromopropylsilane monolayer, which was further reacted with aniline to substitute the bromine atoms. The surface-bound aniline molecules were used as active sites for the graft polymerization of polyaniline (PANI). The composition, structure and the morphology of the modified glass fiber surface were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The method generated a smooth and homogenous thin layer of PANI on the surface of the glass fiber with a surface conductivity of about 6 S/cm, hence larger than the usual value ( approximately 1 S/cm) of the bulk polyaniline. 相似文献
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Ruckenstein E 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2002,246(2):393-400
The problem of coating a plate or a fiber through their withdrawal from a large reservoir was treated in the literature in various limiting cases. In the present paper, interpolation expressions are derived by scaling for Newtonian, Bingham, and viscoelastic fluids. The scaling analysis was also employed to explain the sharp increase in film thickness produced by inertia and the occurrence of a maximum thickness for an optimum velocity. It is also shown that, for a viscoelastic fluid, the film thickness tends to a finite value at very large withdrawal rates. An explanation is also provided for the existence of a maximum film thickness for an optimum surfactant concentration. 相似文献
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Fluorescence spectra of water-soluble conducting poly(ethylene oxide)-grafted polydiphenylamines (PDPA-g-PEOs with the M(n)s of PEO 350, 750, and 2000) in water were determined and interpreted. The emissions of the PDPA-g-PEOs occurred in the range from 360 to 700 nm and were dependent on their concentrations, PEO chain length, extent of oxidation, pH, and temperature. An optimum concentration, above which the fluorescence intensity decreased dramatically because of quenching, was observed. This quenching was a result of the aggregation of PDPA-g-PEO macromolecules in water. The doped PDPA-g-PEO molecules provided a lower optimum concentration than the corresponding reduced-state macromolecules. A rod-shaped microstructure of nanoscale size was generated through the aggregation of the PDPA-g-PEO macromolecules. This microstructure was also confirmed by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and surface elemental analysis. 相似文献
10.
Eli Ruckenstein Kyu-Jun Kim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1989,27(13):4375-4388
Copolymerization of styrene and methacrylic acid was carried out by the concentrated emulsion polymerization method, using sodium dodecylsulfate and AIBN as emulsifier and initiator, respectively. Compared to conventional emulsion polymerization, a much smaller amount of water (5–25 vol %) is employed as the continuous phase and thus the loss of methacrylic acid, which is very soluble in water, is minimized. The concentrated emulsion, which has the appearance of a gel, was prepared at room temperature, and was polymerized at 40°C. The size of copolymer latexes is affected by the internal phase ratio, and was in the range of 0.2–0.3 μm in diameter. Potentiometric titration was used to determine the surface density of the carboxylic groups of the copolymer latexes and its dependence on the feed molar ratio of methyacrylic acid to styrene. NMR and IR spectroscopies have been employed to determined the composition of the copolymer latexes. 相似文献