Vakuum-Lichtgeschwindigkeit und differentielle Aberration

Vacuum Light Velocity and Differential Abberation In the frame work of Newton's theories of gravity and of light Laplace (1796) has deduced that the effective velocity c* of light is dependent on the gravitational potential of its source: Laplace, Olbers, a. o. have demonstrated that this effect implies differential aberrations of the light of different cosmisc sources. - But, Einstein's principles of relativity imply the independence of the velocity of light on its sources. This assertion is the fundamental principle of the Einsteinian theories of relativity. However, there seems to be no direct experimental facts disproving Laplace's formula, till today.     

On the fifth forces

We discuss the possibility of fifth forces in relativistic gravitation theories of fourth order. The fifth force may be an analog to the weak forces in the theories of electroweak interactions.     

Zur Konstanz der Teilchenzahlen in der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

This paper suggests that the “spontaneous creation of matter in strong gravitation fields” – which is asserted in some papers – may be a result of an inconsistent approximation for the simultaneous systems of Einstein field equations and of matter field equations. Firstly we shall remark that Einstein's dynamical equation is not only the consequence of the Einstein field equations (via Bianchi identity) but also the consequence of the relativistic matter field equations and of the weak principle of equivalence. Therefore, for all discussions we must start from the dynamical equation and from the conservation laws of charges. Secondly, we find a formal inhomogeneous dynamical equation for the matter tensor by working in a background-field approximation. But, this inhomogenity vanishes according to the matter field equations. Thirdly, we discuss the properties in an evolution-cosmos. In such cosmos a law of conformal conservation of energy is fulfilled. From this conservation law results that the energy is a continuous function of the gauge of time. Such continuous dependence involves the constance of discrete numbers according to the well known argument of Planck.