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We demonstrate that weak parametric interaction of a fundamental beam with its harmonic field in a Kerr medium can drastically modify the beam dynamics, giving rise to very complex bifurcation phenomena and quasi solitons. Most importantly, we reveal a novel physical mechanism of the collapse suppression in a bulk optical Kerr medium: parametric coupling to a weakly radiating harmonic field. 相似文献
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Alexander TJ Kivshar YS Buryak AV Sammut RA 《Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics》2000,61(2):2042-2049
We analyze two-component spatial optical vortex solitons supported by parametric wave mixing processes in a nonlinear bulk medium. We study two distinct cases of such localized waves, namely, parametric vortex solitons due to phase-matched second-harmonic generation in an optical medium with competing quadratic and cubic nonlinear response, and vortex solitons in the presence of third-harmonic generation in a cubic medium. We find, analytically and numerically, the structure of two-component vortex solitons, and also investigate modulational instability of their plane-wave background. In particular, we predict and analyze in detail novel types of vortex solitons, a "halo-vortex," consisting of a two-component vortex core surrounded by a bright ring of its harmonic field, and a "ring-vortex" soliton which is a vortex in a harmonic field that guides a ring-like localized mode of the fundamental-frequency field. 相似文献
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The old controversial idea of structures in molten amorphous polymers is being accepted with theoretical and experimental evidence. Wool's twinkling fractal theory of the glass transition and recent atomic force micrographs are convincing proof of the dynamic, solid aggregate presence below and above Tg. This article offers detailed analysis of the experimental data from high‐pressure dilatometry, as well as from the oscillatory shear tests in the glassy and the molten state of polystyrenes. The results indicate the presence of a transient structure at T > Tg; transient as it depends on the structure of the vitreous polymer and the rate of heating it across Tg. Thus, molten polymer is not always at the thermodynamic equilibrium. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1369–1380, 2011 相似文献
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Abstract We analyze the efficiency of the international management of the Bay of Biscay anchovy. While a sharing agreement between France and Spain has been in place since 1992, the fish stock collapsed in 2005 and the fishery closed from 2005 to spring 2010. We consider differences in production technologies between both countries and calibrate our model using data from 1987 to 2009. Our results suggest two sources of rent dissipation under the existing sharing agreement: inefficient quota allocation and production inefficiencies due to inflexible national regulations. We discuss several alternatives to improve management. 相似文献
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CLAUDIA L. PARKER OSCAR N. VENTURA STAN K. BURT RAÚL E. CACHAU 《Molecular physics》2013,111(17):2659-2668
We present a general purpose QM-MM-MD engine (DYNGA) designed to test alternative hybrid Hamiltonians geared towards the treatment of problems of interest in structural biology including the use of experimental data constraints. In this first presentation we use DYNGA to explore the behaviour of a traditional QM-MM approach in the treatment of the water—water interaction. We find the potential energy hypersurface for the water dimer computed with the HF 4–31G*/TIP3P hybrid Hamiltonian tends to be too flat. We also explore the effect of using traditional QM-MM techniques on proton wires and conclude there is a need for improvement, possibly addressed by using polarizable force fields. 相似文献
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The effect of phase-matched third-harmonic generation on the structure and stability of spatial solitary waves is investigated. A power threshold for the existence of two-frequency spatial solitons is found, and the multistability of solitary waves in a Kerr medium owing to a higher-order nonlinear phase shift caused by cascaded third-order processes is revealed. 相似文献
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High-energy single-transverse-mode Q-switched fiber laser based on a multimode large-mode-area erbium-doped fiber 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Offerhaus HL Broderick NG Richardson DJ Sammut R Caplen J Dong L 《Optics letters》1998,23(21):1683-1685
We demonstrate that appropriately designed doped multimode fibers provide robust single-mode output when used within a fiber laser cavity. Using a novel large-mode-area fiber, we demonstrate what we believe to be record single-mode (M(2) <1.2) pulse energies of >0.5 mJ from a Q -switched fiber laser and even higher pulse energies (as high as 0.85 mJ) with slightly compromised spatial-mode quality (M(2)<2.0) . This approach offers significant scope for extending the range of single-mode output powers and energies that are achievable from fiber-laser-amplifier systems. 相似文献
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A newly developed interface coupling a CHN combustion device (elemental analyser 'EA') to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer is described and evaluated. The purpose of the device is to extend the dynamic range of delta(13)C and delta(15)N analysis from less than 2 orders of magnitude to more than 3 orders of magnitude. Carbon isotope ratio measurements of atropine as a model compound have been performed analysing between 1 μg to 5 mg C with acceptable to excellent precision (0.6 to 0.06 per thousand, delta-notation). The correction due to the blank signal is critical for sample amounts smaller than 4 μg C. The maximum sample weight is determined by the combustion capacity of the EA. Larger sample amounts are measured using dilution of a small part of the EA effluent with helium. The dilution mechanism works virtually free of isotope fractionation. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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R. A. Sammut 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》1982,14(5):419-424
It is shown that by perturbation of the weakly-guiding, circular fibre, it is possible to obtain, in a straightforward way, accurate information about the cutoff characteristics of the higher-order modes in optical fibres having either an elliptical cross-section (with aspect ratios as large as 21) or a relatively large numerical aperture. 相似文献