Extension of linear free energy relationships to multiple ionizations

The linear additivity of free energies of ionization of substituted acids relative to the unsubstituted parent acid is described in terms of the Hammett relationship and as the weighted sums of microscopic free energies for benzenetricarboxylic acids.     

Calorimetric determination of the heats of formation of lanthanide monosulfate complexes in D2O1

Heats of formation of rate-earth monosulfate complexes have been measured calorimetrically for the ions La³⁺, Sm³⁺, Tb³⁺, and Er³⁺, in D₂O and H₂O solvents. Within the limits of experimental error there is no evidence for a solvent isotope effect on the heat and entropy changes of these complexation reactions.This paper was abstracted from W.D.W.'s Ph.D. dissertation, May 1973.     

Photoemission study of the carrier bands in Bi(111)

We present high-resolution photoemission data from the Bi(111)-surface. The electronic structure of the semimetal close to the Fermi level has been found to change dramatically with respect to the well established bulk band structure. The Fermi surfaces observed for the electron and hole bands resemble those of the next group-V element, antimony, probably as a consequence of surface relaxation. This results in a relatively high surface charge density. The observed temperature dependence of the electron Fermi energy confirms this result. Received 8 June 2000