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Kireeff Covo M Molvik AW Friedman A Vay JL Seidl PA Logan G Baca D Vujic JL 《Physical review letters》2006,97(5):054801
Clouds of stray electrons are ubiquitous in particle accelerators and frequently limit the performance of storage rings. Earlier measurements of electron energy distribution and flux to the walls provided only a relative electron-cloud density. We have measured electron accumulation using ions expelled by the beam. The ion energy distribution maps the depressed beam potential and gives the dynamic cloud density. Clearing electrode current reveals the static background cloud density, allowing the first absolute measurement of the time-dependent electron-cloud density during the beam pulse. 相似文献
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Molvik AW Kollmus H Mahner E Covo MK Bellachioma MC Bender M Bieniosek FM Hedlund E Krämer A Kwan J Malyshev OB Prost L Seidl PA Westenskow G Westerberg L 《Physical review letters》2007,98(6):064801
During heavy-ion operation in several particle accelerators worldwide, dynamic pressure rises of orders of magnitude were triggered by lost beam ions that bombarded the vacuum chamber walls. This ion-induced molecular desorption, observed at CERN, GSI, and BNL, can seriously limit the ion beam lifetime and intensity of the accelerator. From dedicated test stand experiments we have discovered that heavy-ion-induced gas desorption scales with the electronic energy loss (dE_{e}/dx) of the ions slowing down in matter; but it varies only little with the ion impact angle, unlike electronic sputtering. 相似文献
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