全文获取类型
收费全文 | 516篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 164篇 |
晶体学 | 2篇 |
力学 | 2篇 |
数学 | 13篇 |
物理学 | 336篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 3篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 7篇 |
2012年 | 10篇 |
2011年 | 23篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 19篇 |
2006年 | 33篇 |
2005年 | 50篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 25篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1940年 | 2篇 |
1935年 | 7篇 |
1931年 | 4篇 |
1893年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有517条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
H-J Kim D-H Lee P Xirouchakis 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》2006,57(10):1231-1240
This paper considers the problem of determining the disassembly schedule (quantity and timing) of products in order to satisfy the demand of their parts or components over a finite planning horizon. The objective is to minimize the sum of set-up, disassembly operation, and inventory holding costs. As an extension of the uncapacitated versions of the problem, we consider the resource capacity restrictions over the planning horizon. An integer program is suggested to describe the problem mathematically, and to solve the problem, a heuristic is developed using a Lagrangean relaxation technique together with a method to find a good feasible solution while considering the trade-offs among different costs. The effectiveness of the algorithm is tested on a number of randomly generated problems and the test results show that the heuristic suggested in this paper can give near optimal solutions within a short amount of computation time. 相似文献
2.
H.-J. Kluge B. A. Bushaw G. Passler K. Wendt N. Trautmann 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1994,350(4-5):323-329
Resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) and its combination with mass spectrometry (RIMS) have grown to become powerful techniques, which offer high sensitivity as well as elemental and isotopic selectivity. The principles of RIS and RIMS are introduced; they primarily concern the analysis of the optical spectra for the choice of efficient excitation schemes and the suitable design of the experimental apparatus. Recent applications span from studies of short-lived isotopes at on-line mass separators to a wide variety of trace analysis applications for radioactive isotopes, which can range from measurements of solar neutrino flux to environmental assessment.On leave from Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, USA 相似文献
3.
H.-Jürgen Kluge 《Hyperfine Interactions》1992,74(1-4):287-305
The application of lasers at accelerators is reviewed with emphasis on laser spectroscopy of short-lived isotopes and the
determination of nuclear spins, moments, and changes of charge radii in long isotopic chains leading far-off stability. Experimental
techniques as well as future directions are discussed. 相似文献
4.
M. Lindinger St. Becker G. Bollen K. Dasgupta R. Jertz H. -J. Kluge L. Schweikhard M. Vogel K. Lützenkischen 《Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters》1991,20(1):441-443
Doublet mass measurements of the isobars28Si3 and12C7 are performed by use of a Penning trap mass spectrometer and the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR). The carbon and silicon cluster ions are produced by laser ablation. Results of these preliminary measurements are presented. 相似文献
5.
6.
A. Breakstone G. Claesson H. B. Crawley G. M. Dallavalle K. Doroba D. Drijard F. Fabbri A. Firestone M. A. Faessler H. G. Fischer S. Y. Fung S. Garpman W. Geist G. Giacomelli R. Gokieli M. Gorbics C. R. Gruhn P. Hanke M. Heiden W. Herr T. J. Ketel E. E. Kluge J. W. Lamsa T. Lohse I. Lund R. Mankel W. T. Meyer G. Mornacchi T. Nakada I. Otterlund M. Panter H. Pugh A. Putzer K. Rauschnabel B. Rensch F. Rimondi M. Schmelling G. P. Siroli R. Sosnowski E. Stenlund M. Szczekowski R. Szwed O. Ullaland R. Walczak D. Wegener M. Wunsch 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1986,30(4):507-512
The relative yields of kaons and protons compared with the yield of pions at highp T and polar angles θ away from 90° (in the range from 10° to 45°) are presented forpp, dd, and αα interactions at a centre-of-mass energy \(\sqrt {s_{NN} } = 31\) GeV per nucleon-nucleon collision. The measured particle ratios depend on the atomic mass numberA of the beam particles and on θ. TheA dependence of the ratios becomes stronger for largerp T and is more pronounced at smaller polar angles. 相似文献
7.
W. Bell K. Braune G. Claesson D. Drijard M. A. Faessler H. G. Fischer H. Frehse R. W. Frey S. Garpman W. Geist C. Gruhn P. Hanke M. Heiden W. Herr P. G. Innocenti T. J. Ketel E. E. Kluge I. Lund G. Mornacchi T. Nakada I. Otterlund M. Panter B. Povh A. Putzer E. Stenlund T. J. M. Symons R. Szwed O. Ullaland 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1986,30(4):513-520
Properties of secondaries associated with a high-p T charged trigger particle (3<p T <5 GeV/c) were studied for αp and αα interactions at c.m. energies \(\sqrt s = 88\) GeV and 125 GeV, respectively. Thep T distributions of secondaries in the away-jet and trigger-jet regions were compared with those for high-p T pp interactions. No statistically significant differences were seen, except at lowp T . Momentum and angular distributions of spectator and leading protons were studied as a function of charge and rapidity of the trigger hadron. The observed correlations between trigger charge and number of spectator protons provide evidence of valence quark contributions to the trigger jet. 相似文献
8.
Iain L. Marr Petra Kluge Laura Main Vincent Margerin Cyrille Lescop 《Mikrochimica acta》1995,119(3-4):219-232
Three sets of samples have been investigated in some detail. One set is from a river polluted by mine workings, containing substantial levels of Fe, Mn,Cu, Zn and Ni with traces of many other metals. The second set consists of typical estuarine sediments contaminated from a wide range of industrial sources, and the third set consists of oily drilling cuttings from the sea bottom in the vicinity of a North Sea oil production platform.These samples have been subjected to treatment 1) with EDTA at two different pH's (extracts) 2) with HNO3/H2O2 3) with HNO3/HCl and 4) with HNO3/HCl/HF (digests). EDTA recoveries, compared toaqua regia digests, are often very reproducible, not dependent on pH, and usually significantly low. Nitric/peroxide andaqua regia digests often give very close results suggesting that these are meaningful values indicating the maximum levels of polluting metals in the sediments. However, the triple acid digest with HF does sometimes give higher values (and reasonable agreement for CRM's such as MESS-1) but with poorer reproducibility. 相似文献
9.
Kim HJ Decker EA McClements DJ 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2005,21(1):134-139
The influence of protein concentration and order of addition relative to homogenization (before or after) on the extent of droplet flocculation in heat-treated oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by a globular protein were examined using laser diffraction. n-Hexadecane (10 wt%) oil-in-water emulsions (pH 7, 150 mM NaCl) stabilized by beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) were prepared by three methods: (1) 4 mg/mL beta-Lg added before homogenization; (2) 4 mg/mL beta-Lg added before homogenization and 6 mg/mL beta-Lg added after homogenization; (3) 10 mg/mL beta-Lg added before homogenization. The emulsions were then subjected to various isothermal heat treatments (30-95 degrees C for 20 min), with the 150 mM NaCl being added either before or after heating. Emulsion 1 contained little nonadsorbed protein and exhibited extensive droplet aggregation at all temperatures, which was attributed to the fact that the droplets had a high surface hydrophobicity, e.g., due to exposed oil or extensive protein surface denaturation. Emulsions 2 and 3 contained a significant fraction of nonadsorbed beta-Lg. When the NaCl was added before heating, these emulsions were relatively stable to droplet flocculation below a critical holding temperature (75 and 60 degrees C, respectively) but showed extensive flocculation above this temperature. The stability at low temperatures was attributed to the droplets having a relatively low surface hydrophobicity, e.g., due to complete saturation of the droplet surface with protein or due to more limited surface denaturation. The instability at high temperatures was attributed to thermal denaturation of the adsorbed and nonadsorbed proteins leading to increased hydrophobic interactions between droplets. When the salt was added to Emulsions 2 and 3 after heating, little droplet flocculation was observed at high temperatures, which was attributed to the dominance of intra-membrane over inter-membrane protein-protein interactions. Our data suggests that protein concentration and order of addition have a strong influence on the flocculation stability of protein-stabilized emulsions, which has important implications for the formulation and production of many emulsion-based products. 相似文献
10.
T. Kluge D. Pankonin O. Brede 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1998,232(1-2):103-105
The rate constants of the reactions of the radicals OH? and Cl2 ?? with α-pinene determined by pulse radiolysis in aqueous solution are given. The reaction of Cl? with α-pinene has been studied by laser photolyis in CCl4 solution. Furthermore, the rate constants of the reactions of the formed organic radicals with oxygen as well as those of the deactivation of all radicals were determined. 相似文献