Derivatives of (2R)-N-Glyoxylbornane-10,2-sultam and Their Use as auxiliaries in the diastereoselective spirocyclization of 2-substituted tryptamines

A crude hydrate 6 and a crystalline hemiacetal 7 of glyoxylamide 4 were prepared from crotonamide 5 (Scheme 2). Particularly hemiacetal 7 , but also 6 and the ‘dimer’ 8 (obtained from 7 ) may serve as homochiral auxiliaries. The structure of 8 was determined by X-ray analysis. By arenesulfonyl halides, tryptimines 12–14 of 4 were diastereoselectively transformed into spirotricycles 15–17 and 19 .     

Une formule de Landau–Zener pour un croisement non dégénéré et involutif de codimension 3Landau–Zener formula for non-degenerate involutive codimension 3 crossings

In this Note, we study a 2×2 system of evolution equations with some codimension 3 crossing. We derive two conditions of non-degeneracy. We focus on one of them and reduce our system to some Landau–Zener's type system. Using this reduction, we describe the energy transfer at the crossing by Landau–Zener formula for 2-scales semi-classical measures. To cite this article: C. Fermanian Kammerer, P. Gérard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 335 (2002) 915–920.     

Aspects of Generic Entanglement

We study entanglement and other correlation properties of random states in high-dimensional bipartite systems. These correlations are quantified by parameters that are subject to the ``concentration of measure' phenomenon, meaning that on a large-probability set these parameters are close to their expectation. For the entropy of entanglement, this has the counterintuitive consequence that there exist large subspaces in which all pure states are close to maximally entangled. This, in turn, implies the existence of mixed states with entanglement of formation near that of a maximally entangled state, but with negligible quantum mutual information and, therefore, negligible distillable entanglement, secret key, and common randomness. It also implies a very strong locking effect for the entanglement of formation: its value can jump from maximal to near zero by tracing over a number of qubits negligible compared to the size of the total system. Furthermore, such properties are generic. Similar phenomena are observed for random multiparty states, leading us to speculate on the possibility that the theory of entanglement is much simplified when restricted to asymptotically generic states. Further consequences of our results include a complete derandomization of the protocol for universal superdense coding of quantum states.     

An inner product lemma

Given the operator product BA in which both A and B are symmetric positive‐definite operators, for which symmetric positive‐definite operators C is BA symmetric positive‐definite in the C inner product 〈x, y〉C? This question arises naturally in preconditioned iterative solution methods, and will be answered completely here. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust Speed Control of a Low Damped Electromechanical System Based on CRONE Control: Application to a Four Mass Experimental Test Bench

Robust speed control of a low damped electromechanical system with backlash is studied, controlled load angular speed being not measured. The proposed control strategy combines a Luenberger observer (load angular speed and load torque disturbance estimations) and a robust CRONE controller. The observer provides estimation of the load angular speed and of the disturbance torque applied on the load. Through the computation of only three independent parameters (as many as a PID controller), the CRONE controller permits to ensure the robust speed control of the load in spite of plant parametric variations and speed observation errors. The proposed control strategy is applied to a four mass experimental test bench.