Dominant ion transport processes of ionic liquid electrolyte in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

Electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry was used to study movement of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIBTI) into and out of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). In 0.1M EMIBTI/acetonitrile, anionic transport predominates, as is typical of solution-based electrolytes. In pure EMIBTI, on the other hand, the minimal mass change observed during polymer oxidation/reduction was observed to be cation-dominant. PEDOT deposition from dilute EMIBTI solution followed by cycling in neat EMIBTI resulted in rapid decrease of electroactivity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013     

Synthesis of multifunctional hydroxyethyl tetrazoles

A series of di-, tri-, and tetra-tetrazoloalkanes were synthesized from the corresponding nitrile and sodium azide. These were alkylated to give hydroxy terminated chains for possible use as high energy oligomers.     

Redox,ionic strength,and pH sensitive supramolecular polymer assemblies

Formation of micelle‐type assembly from supramolecular complexation of a surfactant and an oppositely charged homopolymer is demonstrated. The lower CAC observed for these assemblies suggest that the electrostatic interaction provides an amphiphilic homopolymer‐like structure. The stimulus‐induced disassembly of these supramolecular structures has been accomplished with variations in redox characteristics, ionic strength, and pH of the medium. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1052–1060, 2009     

Exhaustive checking of sparse algebras

We checked the 107-dimensional alternative algebra constructed by E. Kleinfeld (On centers of alternative algebras, Comm. Algebra8(3) 1980, 289–297) and verified that it was alternative. To straightforwardly check the alternative law for the basis elements proved to be too time consuming for the computer. We developed a new algorithm which is much faster for sparse multiplication tables and which requires much less memory. Instead of testing the identities for all possible choices of basis elements, our algorithm is based on “factoring” the basis elements in all possible ways. The factorization algorithm took 5 minutes of C.P.U. time; it is estimated direct substitution with no consideration for sparseness would take 600 hours. Even when the substitution technique was improved to account for sparseness it is estimated it would take 12 hours of C.P.U. time. Substitution also requires 100 times as much memory space as factorization.     

The relevance of ester exchange in oxalacetic esters to the decarbonmonoxylation reaction

Oxalacetic esters undergo ester exchange at 120°C, at which temperature loss of CO does not occur. A new mechanism is proposed for the decarbonmonoxylation reaction.     

A generalization of anti-commutative rings arising from 2-varieties

Let Rbe a nonassociative ring of characteristic not 2 or 3 which satisfies the identities (ab=ba) = (ac+ca)b, a(ac+ca) = b(ac+ca) and a²a = aa². We show that these rings are characterized as associative commutative rings with a type of biadditive mapping. From this characterization we show easily that simple rings are associative-commutative, or anti-commutative. Among the examples given, is a finite dimensional algebra which is solvable but not nilpotent.     

Semiprimality and Nilpotency of Nonassociative Rings Satisfying x(yz) = y(zx)

In this article we study nonassociative rings satisfying the polynomial identity x(yz) = y(zx), which we call “cyclic rings.” We prove that every semiprime cyclic ring is associative and commutative and that every cyclic right-nilring is solvable. Moreover, we find sufficient conditions for the nilpotency of cyclic right-nilrings and apply these results to obtain sufficient conditions for the nilpotency of cyclic right-nilalgebras.