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Ilki Kim 《Journal of statistical physics》2012,146(1):217-238
We initially prepare a quantum linear oscillator weakly coupled to a bath in equilibrium at an arbitrary temperature. We disturb
this system by varying a Hamiltonian parameter of the coupled oscillator, namely, either its spring constant or mass according
to an arbitrary but pre-determined protocol in order to perform external work on it. We then derive a closed expression for
the reduced density operator of the coupled oscillator along this non-equilibrium process as well as the exact expression
pertaining to the corresponding quasi-static process. This immediately allows us to analytically discuss the second law of
thermodynamics for non-equilibrium processes. Then we derive a Clausius inequality and obtain its validity supporting the second law, as a consistent generalization of the Clausius equality valid
for the quasi-static counterpart, introduced in (Kim and Mahler in Phys. Rev. E 81:011101, 2010, [1]). 相似文献
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Ilki Kim 《Physics letters. A》2010,374(37):3828-3837
We consider a quantum linear oscillator coupled to a bath in equilibrium at an arbitrary temperature and then exposed to an external field arbitrary in form and strength. We then derive the reduced density operator in closed form of the coupled oscillator in a non-equilibrium state at an arbitrary time. 相似文献
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