Effects of Hydrogen-Enrichment on Flame-Holding of Natural Gas Jet Flames in Crossflow at Elevated Temperature and Pressure

Flow, Turbulence and Combustion - The effect of hydrogen ( $$\mathrm {H}_{\mathrm {2}}$$ ) enrichment on the flame-holding characteristics of two natural gas jet flames in crossflow is investigated...     

Near blowout dynamics of a premixed,swirl stabilized flame

This paper analyzes the flame dynamics of near LBO (lean blowoff) swirl stabilized flames, using simultaneous OH and CH₂O (formaldehyde) PLIF (planar laser induced fluorescence) measurements. Prior studies have shown that recirculation stabilized flames approach blowoff through two distinct stages – “stage 1” characterized by local extinction, where the overall flame and flow field remain largely unchanged, and “stage 2”, characterized by a fundamental change in the flow field, accompanied by violent flame flapping and wake disruption. This paper quantifies extinction spots along the flame edge, and entrained reactants within the combustion product region to analyze these stages in greater detail. Extinction spots were quantified by the overlapping regions of OH and CH₂O – numerous such spots were found near blowoff. The entraining of unburnt reactants into the recirculation zone was quantified by detecting low intensity OH pockets that were not surrounded by CH₂O. As expected, the flame near blowoff displayed significantly more entrained reactant pockets relative to a stable flame. Unexpectedly however, the volume of these pockets is tiny compared to the products, even on the edge of blowoff. Once they enter the wake, they are short-lived, suggesting that they are diluted and/or quickly react. This was surprising given the non-trivial baseflow and flame position disruption at these conditions, suggesting a striking similarity between the average composition of the wake, to that of a stable flame.