Parallel and multiplexed bead-based assays and encoding strategies

Advances in high throughput screening (HTS), together with the rapid progress in combinatorial chemistry, genomic and proteomic sciences have dramatically stimulated the development of a variety tools to enable the drug discovery process to become more efficient. Major future challenges in HTS include obtaining high density and good quality data based on assays that are rapid, reliable, inexpensive, sensitive, simple and miniaturised. This paper reviews the development and role of bead-based assays for HTS including DNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays, particularly from a multiplex perspective and evaluating the recent advances in bead-based arrays. The encoding strategies that are commonly used in bead-based assays are highlighted, while the importance of magnetic beads in genomic and proteomic purifications is discussed. In conclusion, bead-based assays offer a powerful promising approach for many aspects of drug discovery.     

Ueber die Beeintr?chtigung der Reaction von Schwefelammonium auf Manganoxydul-Salze durch organische S?uren

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

What is your “birthday elliptic curve”?

In this article, Ramanujan–Weber class invariants and its analogue are used to derive birthday elliptic curves.     

Shaping the Light: The Key Factors Affecting the Photophysical Properties of Fluorescent Polymer Nanostructures

To manipulate the functions of nanomaterials more precisely for diverse applications, the controllability and critical influencing factors of their properties must be thoroughly investigated. In this work, the macroscopic and microscopic effects are studied on the photophysical properties of various pyrene‐ended poly(styrene‐block‐methyl methacrylate) nanostructures. Fluorescent polymer nanospheres, nanorods, and nanotubes are prepared by different template‐based methods using anodic aluminum oxide membranes. Chain arrangements and conformations are determined as the key factors affecting the photophysical properties of the fluorescent polymer nanostructures. This work not only gives a deeper understanding of the effects on the photophysical properties of polymer nanomaterials influenced by morphologies, chain arrangements, and chain conformations, but also provides a reference for designing proper fluorescent nanostructures for specific applications.

     

Removal of C3F8 Via the Combination of Non-Thermal Plasma, Adsorption and Catalysis

The feasibility of C₃F₈ abatement via combining nonthermal plasma with adsorption and/or catalysis is investigated in this study. In terms of the simultaneous combination of plasma, adsorption and catalysis (CPAC), three different configurations including A/C layer (adsorbent layer prior to catalyst layer), C/A layer (catalyst layer prior to adsorbent layer) and A/C mixture (adsorbent and catalyst are mechanically mixed) are adopted. For all the experimental tests conducted in this study, the gas stream consists of 500 ppm C₃F₈, 2% O₂, and balanced N₂. The experimental results indicate that C₃F₈ removal efficiencies depend on what kind of packing material is adopted (adsorbent, catalyst or both) and how the material is packed within the plasma reactor. The removal efficiencies obtained with different reactors are in the order as: CPAC (A/C layer; AC mixture) > CPA (plasma with adsorbent alone) > CPC (plasma with catalyst alone) > CPAC (C/A layer). The indentified products after treatment include CO₂, CO, N₂O and CF₄. The formation of C₂F₆ is not observed in this study, which is encouraging since the global warming potential of C₂F₆ is actually higher than that of C₃F₈.     

Toward unified analysis and controller synthesis for a class of hybrid systems

This work defines a new class of hybrid systems called state-based switched (SBS) systems that have numerous important engineering applications. The characterizing feature of these systems is that the discrete-event dynamics are associated with the continuous-time state making a specific function be equal to zero. The choice of this function is application specific and for the closed-loop SBS systems defined in this paper it is related to the execution of a desired set of tasks from a pre-specified mission plan. For this broad class of SBS systems, the paper presents a unified analysis and controller synthesis methodology based on Lyapunov theory. Depending on the details of the mission plan, the closed-loop hybrid system will be divided into two subclasses: sequential and non-sequential. The controller design procedure for both subclasses consists of the same two steps: finding a control law and finding a stabilizing switching rule. For static state and output feedback of sequential hybrid systems, the paper proposes a new hybrid sequential sliding-mode controller. It is proven that the control mission can be accomplished for sequential hybrid systems under static state and output feedback using this new controller. A similar framework is investigated for the more complex class of nonsequential hybrid systems and a systematic procedure for designing the switching rule is presented for some specific instances of these systems.     

Solid-phase construction: high efficiency dendrimer synthesis using AB3 isocyanate-type monomers

Solid-phase synthesis is an ideal tool for reactions that require high concentrations and excess reagents and forcing chemical conditions. One such chemistry is that required for dendrimer construction. In this paper the synthesis of a series of symmetrical AB₃ isocyanate-type monomers is reported and used for the preparation of tri-branched dendrimers on the solid-phase. This method not only allows isolable dendrimer but can generate high-loading supports and devices for multivalent presentation.     

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