用Reichardt''''s Dye研究碳酸酯溶剂极性的经验参数ET(30)

使用2,6-二苯基-4-(2,4,6-三苯基-1-吡啶鎓)苯氧内盐染料(Reichardt's Dye)研究锂离子电池中非水电解质溶剂碳酸酯的极性,并测量极性经验参数ET(30)碳酸乙烯酯为48.6,碳酸丙烯酯为46.1,2,3-碳酸丁烯酯为45.7,碳酸二甲酯为39.0,碳酸甲乙酯为37.3,碳酸二乙酯为37.0.LiClO4加入到碳酸酯溶剂中,显色剂受到离子的盐效应影响,表现为溶液体系的ET(30)值增加,极性增大.由于溶液中粒子间的相互作用不同,环碳酸酯与链状碳酸酯极性变化趋势不同.极性大的溶剂易形成Ar-O-…solvent…Li+结构,起到缓冲作用,抑制了显色剂的酚氧基与Li+直接作用.     

在酸性条件下合成氧化亚铜纳米立方体(英)

在微酸性(pH：4～6)的水热体系中130 ℃反应18 h合成了氧化亚铜纳米粒子，粒径约为100 nm，呈立方体外形。乙二胺和十六烷基胺在反应体系中充当缓冲试剂，调节反应液的pH值并控制体系中游离Cu²⁺的浓度，使得Cu²⁺不会被迅速还原成单质铜。所合成的纳米立方体的能带宽度约为2.51 eV，比氧化亚铜体材料和氧化亚铜纳米线蓝移了0.51 eV和0.17 eV，它有利于把太阳光谱中能量高的可见光转化成其他形式的能量。     

Vibrational Spectroscopic Study on Ion Solvation and Association of Lithium Perchlorate in 4-Methoxymethyl-ethylene Carbonate

Solvation interaction and ion association in solutions of lithium perchlorate/4-methoxymethyl-ethylene carbonate （MEC） have been studied by using Infrared and Raman spectra as a function of concentration of lithium perchlorate. The splitting of ring deformation band and ring ether asymmetric stretching band, and the change of carbonyl stretching band suggest that there should be a strong interaction between Li^＋ and the solvent molecules, and the site of solvation should be the oxygen atom of carbonyl group. The apparent solvation number of Li^＋ was calculated by using band fitting technique. The solvation number was decreased from 3.3 to 1.1 with increasing the concentration of LiClO4/MEC solutions. On the other hand, the band fitting for the ClO4^- band revealed the presence of contact ion pair, and free ClO4^- anion in the concentrated solutions.     

氯化铜的少溶剂固态连串配位化学反应

在少量水的存在下,由于 NH₄[CuCl₃]对水不稳定,CuCl₂·2H₂O 与氯化铵的配位化学反应只能得到 1:2 产物(NH₄)₂[CuCl₄(H₂O)₂];但在无水乙醇中,无水 CuCl₂与氯化铵按 1:1或 1:2的物质的量之比混合时,能相应地得到 NH₄[CuCl₃]或(NH₄)₂[CuCl₄]。CuCl₂·2H₂O与 2,2''-联吡啶(bipy)的少溶剂固态化学反应仍能像固态化学反应一样,根据反应物的配比生成相应的唯一产物,但在物质的量之比为1:1的反应中发现1:2产物曾经形成。热力学分析说明,如果连串反应的后一步的Δ_rG^⊖大于前一步的,则上述反应现象是可能的。     

Optical parametric chirped pulse amplification based on photonic crystal fibre

A compact two-stage optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier based on photonic crystal fibre is demonstrated.A 1064-nm soliton pulse is obtained in a home-made photonic crystal fibre (PCF) with femtosecond pulse pumping and then amplified to 2 mJ in an Nd:YAG regenerative amplifier.After the amplified pulses pass through the LBO crystal,the 532-nm double-frequency light with an energy of 0.8 mJ and a duration of over 100 ps at 10-Hz repetition rate is generated as a pump source in the following two-stage optical parametric amplification (OPA).The 850-nm chirped signal light gain from the stretcher is 1.5×10 4 in the first-stage OPA while it is 120 in the second-stage OPA.The total signal gain of optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) can reach 1.8×10 6.     

高温应变下的晶界湮没机理的晶体相场法研究

应用晶体相场方法研究高温应变下的预熔化晶界位错湮没机理. 结果表明, 原预熔化晶界上的位错在应变作用下发生分离运动, 形成新晶界, 即亚晶界. 该过程的实质是生成了亚晶粒; 亚晶界的迁移过程的本质是亚晶粒长大、吞噬旧晶粒的过程; 亚晶界之间的湮没是亚晶粒完全吞噬旧晶粒过程的结束, 体系转变成为单个晶粒结构. 根据原子密度序参数沿x和y方向的投影值随应变量的变化特征, 可以揭示出高温应变作用下, 预熔化亚晶界相遇湮没的本质是两对极性相反的偶极子位错对发生二次湮没, 该湮没的微观过程是通过位错连续二次滑移湮没而实现的, 其湮没的速率较低温时的湮没速率要小许多.     

大耕深旋耕刀激光冲击强化残余应力研究

研究了激光冲击强化对回转半径为350mm大耕深旋耕刀残余应力的影响,利用ANSYS对旋耕刀进行理论应力分析,发现应力集中在刀柄外弯角处,同时进行了激光冲击强化模拟,得到理论残余应力引入值。利用X射线衍射法对激光冲击强化前后旋耕刀表面进行了残余应力测试。结果表明,ANSYS模拟激光冲击强化引入的残余应力值与试验实测的结果吻合得较好,相比未经处理的旋耕刀,激光冲击强化后刀具表面残余应力明显增大,最大残余压应力达412.25 MPa,增幅达166%,残余压应力的引入可消除旋耕刀工作的应力集中,提高了刀具使用寿命。研究结果为进一步提高和优化大耕深旋耕刀制造工艺提供了新的参考依据。     

竹红菌乙素镁、锌配位聚合物的光物理和光生物性质

竹红菌乙素(HB)能与Mg2+和Zn2+形成重复单元数为5-20的配位聚合物(Mg2+-HB,Zn2+-HB),利用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱,傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱,核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)对其进行了表征.Mg2+-HB和Zn2+-HB的单重态氧量子产率分别为HB的1.2倍和0.42倍.瞬态吸收实验表明:氧气能够猝灭Mg2+-HB和Zn2+-HB的三重态,其效率可超过96％.系间窜越效率(φT)和将能量传递给氧气并能产生单重态氧的三重态光敏剂的比例(fT△)对HB及其金属配合物的单重态氧量子产率有较大影响.电子自旋共振(EPR)实验结果表明:Mg2+-HB和Zn2+-HB产生半醌负离子自由基的能力较弱,进而降低了Mg2+-HB和Zn2+-HB光敏产生超氧负离子自由基的能力.紫外-可见吸收光谱与小牛胸腺脱氧核糖核酸(CT DNA)熔链温度实验表明:Mg2+-HB和Zn2+-HB可通过静电作用与DNA结合.有氧条件下,Mg2+-HB,HB和Zn2+-HB对小牛胸腺DNA的光敏损伤效率分别为32％,25％和22％.活性氧猝灭实验表明Mg2+-HB主要通过单重态氧光敏损伤DNA.     

Growth of Indium Nanorods by Magnetron Sputtering

Indium nanorods are grown on silicon substrates by using magnetron-sputtering technique. Film morphologies and nanorod microstructure are investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）, and x-ray diffraction. It is found that the mean diameter of the nanorods ranges from 30nm to 100nm and the height ranges from 30nm to 200nm. The HRTEM investigations show that the indium nanorods are single crystals and grow along the [100] axis. The nanorods grow from the facets near the surface undulation that is caused by compressive stress in the indium grains generated during grain coalescence process. For low melting point and high diffusivity metal, such as bismuth and indium, this spontaneous nanorod growth mechanism can be used to fabricate nanostructures.     

化工原理课程思政教学改革与实践

介绍了化工原理课程思政的育人目标,据此构建课程内容与育人元素的支撑矩阵;融入绿色工程理念,确定课程对绿色工程十二项原则指标点的支撑;深度融合信息技术,基于原有慕课建设专门的课程思政慕课;以精馏章节为例,分享化工原理课程思政教学案例设计思路和方案。同时,对学生测评和学习成果、育人点、重要性及切入自然性进行调研评价,说明通过课程思政教学实践,在潜移默化中培养学生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。为化工类专业课程思政教学提供参考和借鉴。