Vibrations of a viscoelastic rod with small non-linearities

Summary A partial differential equation is considered whose dominant linear term involves third order time derivatives and which contains a nonlinear term multiplied by a small parameter. The solutions of initial-boundary-value problems for the equation are investigated using an extension of the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii asymptotic method. The vibrations of a viscoelastic rod lead to an equation of the type considered when the material constitutive relation is that of a standard linear solid together with additional small nonlinearities of behaviour, and this particular physical problem is investigated in detail. It is shown that under appropriate initial conditions only a single mode of vibration is excited to lowest order, and some numerical results are given which illustrate the effects of the nonlinearity on these single mode solutions.

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Sommario Viene considerata una equazione differenziale alle derivate parziali il cui termine lineare dominante implica derivate del terzo ordine del tempo e che contiene un termine non lineare moltiplicato per un parametro di piccola entità. Vengono studiate le soluzioni dell'equazione con le condizioni iniziali e al contorno usando una estensione del metodo asintotico di Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii. Le vibrazioni in una sbarra viscoelastica portano ad una equazione del tipo considerato quando la soluzione costitutiva è quella di un normale solido lineare con l'aggiunta di piccole non-linearità di comportamento. Viene studiato nel dettaglio questo particolare problema fisico. Viene mostrato che, con appropriate condizioni iniziali, viene eccitato solo il primo modo di vibrare. Vengono inoltre forniti alcuni risultati numerici che illustrano gli effetti della non linearità per questo particolare modo.

     

Monofrequent oscillations in mechanical systems governed by second order hyperbolic differential equations with small non-linearities

The solution to certain second order hyperbolic differential equations with weak non-linearities is found by using the Krylov Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii method. Both autonomous and non-autonomous equations are considered, and in the latter case, both the non-resonant and resonant problems are solved. The general methods are applied to the case of the longitudinal vibrations of a rod in which non-linear elastic behavior, nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, and viscous damping occur.     

A weight-function approach for determining watershed initial conditions for combustion waves

In many generic combustion models, one finds that a combustionwave will develop with a specific wave speed. However, thereare possible initial temperature profiles which do not evolveinto such waves, but rather die out to the ambient temperature.There can exist, in some models, a clear distinction betweenthose initial conditions that do evolve into combustion wavesand those that do not; this is sometimes referred to as thewatershed initial condition. When fuel consumption is consideredto be negligible, analytical methods can be used to obtain theexact watershed. In this paper, we consider the problem of determiningpseudo-watersheds and ascertaining the relationship betweenthese pseudo-watersheds and the exact watersheds. In the processa novel weight-function approach for infinite spatial domainsis developed.     

Second order hyperbolic equations with small non-linearities in the case of internal resonance

The monofrequent solutions of certain autonomous second order hyperbolic differential equations with weak non-linearities are found in the case when some of the natural frequencies of the generating equation are in integral ratio. The approach use is a development of the KrylovBogoliubov-Mitropolskii method. The solution found is applied to the case of the longitudinal vibrations of a rod for which the stress-strain relation contains a small non-linear term and to the case of the vibrations of a rod with small inhomogeneities of density and elastic modulus and with small damping.     

Vibrations of a system with memory,non-linear elasticity,friction and relaxation

The solution of a third-order non-linear differential equation with slowly varying coefficients and small time lag is found. This equation governs processes with significant damping, and an application is made to a mechanical vibrating system with non-linear elasticity, internal friction and relaxation.     

Recording long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission by three-dimensional multi-electrode arrays

Background  

Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) have become popular tools for recording spontaneous and evoked electrical activity of excitable tissues. The majority of previous studies of synaptic transmission in brain slices employed MEAs with planar electrodes that had limited ability to detect signals coming from deeper, healthier layers of the slice. To overcome this limitation, we used three-dimensional (3D) MEAs with tip-shaped electrodes to probe plasticity of field excitatory synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the CA1 area of hippocampal slices of 129S5/SvEvBrd and C57BL/6J-Tyr^C-Brd mice.