全文获取类型
收费全文 | 982篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 587篇 |
晶体学 | 2篇 |
力学 | 9篇 |
数学 | 192篇 |
物理学 | 221篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 21篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 32篇 |
2012年 | 45篇 |
2011年 | 35篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 33篇 |
2008年 | 47篇 |
2007年 | 40篇 |
2006年 | 43篇 |
2005年 | 28篇 |
2004年 | 25篇 |
2003年 | 22篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 13篇 |
1970年 | 8篇 |
1969年 | 10篇 |
1943年 | 9篇 |
1936年 | 6篇 |
1935年 | 6篇 |
1928年 | 6篇 |
1913年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有1011条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Erwin Bolthausen Jean-Dominique Deuschel Uwe Schmock 《Probability Theory and Related Fields》1993,95(3):283-310
Summary We discuss the limiting path measures of Markov processes with either a mean field or a polaron type interaction of the paths. In the polaron type situation the strength is decaying at large distances on the time axis, and so the interaction is of short range in time. In contrast, in the mean field model, the interaction is weak, but of long range in time. Donsker and Varadhan proved that for the partition functions, there is a transition from the polaron type to the mean field interaction when passing to a limit by letting the strength tend to zero while increasing the range. The discussion of the path measures is more subtle. We treat the mean field case as an example of a differentiable interaction and discuss the transition from the polaron type to the mean field interaction for two instructive examples.Research supported by the Swiss National Foundation (21-29833.90)This article was processed by the authors using the Springer-Verlag TEX ProbTh macro package 1991. 相似文献
2.
3.
Erwin Bolthausen 《Probability Theory and Related Fields》1990,86(4):423-441
Summary We consider an ordinary one dimensional recurrent random walk on. A self-repellent random walk is defined by changing the ordinary law of the random walk in the following way: A path gets a new relative weight by multiplying the old one with a factor 1– for every self intersection of the path. 0<<1 is a parameter.It is shown that if the jump distribution of the random walk has an exponential moment and if is small enough then the displacement of the endpoint is asymptotically of the order of the length of the path.Partially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 相似文献
4.
Alexopoulos T Allen C Anderson EW Areti H Banerjee S Beery PD Biswas NN Bujak A Carmony DD Carter T Cole P Choi Y De Bonte RJ Erwin AR Findeisen C Goshaw AT Gutay LJ Hirsch AS Hojvat C Kenney VP Lindsey CS LoSecco JM McMahon T McManus AP Morgan N Nelson KS Oh SH Piekarz J Porile NT Reeves D Scharenberg RP Stampke SR Stringfellow BC Thompson MA Turkot F Walker WD Wang CH Wesson DK 《Physical review letters》1990,64(9):991-994
5.
Dimitrakakis E Haberhauer-Troyer C Abe Y Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou M Rosenberg E 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2004,379(5-6):842-848
The use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatography coupled to microwave-induced plasma atomic-emission detection (GC–MIP-AED) is described for selenite [Se(IV)] speciation. Aqueous standards were derivatised with sodium tetraethyl- or tetrapropylborate and extracted by SPME. Headspace extraction of the ethyl and propyl derivatives was studied. Relevant experimental conditions were optimised, including conditions for derivatisation and extraction and those of gas chromatographic analysis. The limits of detection achieved for headspace sampling of derivatised Se(IV) were in the low ng mL–1 range for both ethylation and propylation. When the method was applied to analysis of selenite in selenised yeast reference material results were in good agreement with the indicated values. 相似文献
6.
7.
Erwin Gtschi Christian-Johannes Jenny Peter Reindl Fabienne Ricklin 《Helvetica chimica acta》1996,79(8):2219-2234
A total synthesis of cyclothialidine ( 1 ), a new DNA gyrase inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis, is described. The synthetic concept was tested by preparing the lactone 13 (Scheme 2) which contains the characteristic bicyclic core entity of 1 . Key features of the synthesis of 1 are: preparation of 3,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid ( 23 ) from 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid ( 19 ) by two consecutive Mannich aminomethylation/hydrogenation sequences; benzylic N-bromosuccinimide bromination of an ester derivative 25 thereof and its subsequent coupling with Boc-Ser-Cys-OMe ( 11 ); cyclization of the ω-hydroxy acid 29 29 to the 12-membered lactone 30 using preferably Mitsunobu conditions; completion of the peptidic side chains of 1 using Boc strategy (Scheme 4). Optically pure cis-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-hydroxy-L -proline ((–)- 14 ) was obtained by resolution of the racemate via an efficient reaction sequence containing a lipase-catalyzed enantiospecific acetate hydrolysis (Scheme 3). The structure of natural 1 was confirmed by comparison with the synthetic material. The synthetic route described provides also easy access to analogues of 1 , e.g., via the intermediate 30 . 相似文献
8.
9.
On the use of Helmholtz resonators as sound attenuators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jakob J. Keller Erwin Zauner 《Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP)》1995,46(3):297-327
Summary In the present paper a nonlinear acoustic theory is proposed, to accurately describe the properties of a generalized type of Helmholtz resonators. The theory may be used as a layout tool to design sound attenuators for combustion facilities. The present investigation shows that, in addition to the nonlinear effects, the effects due to thermoacoustic boundary layers and the first frequency correction to the Helmholtz approximation should be taken into account, in order to predict the frequency-dependent attenuation properties of Helmholtz attenuators with the accuracy required by typical technical applications. A series of experiments is presented which is used to validate the theoretical predictions.
Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Abhandlung wird eine nichtlineare akustische Theorie vorgeschlagen, mit der das Verhalten einer verallgemeinerten Art von Helmholtzresonatoren beschrieben werden kann. Die Theorie kann als Werkzeug zur Auslegung von Schalldämpfern für Verbrennungsanlagen benutzt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass neben den nichtlinearen Effekten auch die Einflüsse der thermoakustischen Grenzschichten und der ersten Frequenzkorrektur zur Helmholtzapproximation berücksichtigt werden müssen, damit die frequenzabhängigen Eigenschaften von Helmholtzdämpfern mit technisch ausreichender Genauigkeit beschrieben werden können. Mit einer Reihe von Experimenten werden die theoretischen Ergebnisse untermauert.相似文献
10.
Dietmar Krämer Erwin Rosenberg Achim Krug Robert Kellner Wolfgang Hutter Werner Hampel 《Mikrochimica acta》1994,116(4):183-189
Chloride is determined indirectly by Spectrophotometric flow injection analysis. Two systems are compared, both based on the principle of ion exchange of easily detectable anions versus chloride from suitable mercury salts. The first method is based on the exchange of chloride with chloranilate which is detected at 332 nm or at 306 nm in neutral or in acidic medium respectively. In the second case, chloride reacts with Hg(SCN)2. The liberated thiocyanate forms a strongly coloured complex with Fe(III) in acidic solution with an absorption maximum at 460 nm. Both methods have a detection limit of about 5 mol Cl–/l (175 ng/ml). In the case of the thiocyanate method, the relative standard deviation is about 2% (7 measurements) in the range of 5 to 150 mol/l and decreases significantly to a value of approximately 0.2% at higher concentrations; for the chloranilate method it is 10% for lower and about 1% for higher concentrations respectively. 相似文献