Deriving the mass of particles from Extended Theories of Gravity in LHC era

We derive a geometrical approach to produce the mass of particles that could be suitably tested at LHC. Starting from a 5D unification scheme, we show that all the known interactions could be suitably deduced as an induced symmetry breaking of the non-unitary GL(4)-group of diffeomorphisms. The deformations inducing such a breaking act as vector bosons that, depending on the gravitational mass states, can assume the role of interaction bosons like gluons, electroweak bosons or photon. The further gravitational degrees of freedom, emerging from the reduction mechanism in 4D, eliminate the hierarchy problem since generate a cutoff comparable with electroweak one at TeV scales. In this “economic” scheme, gravity should induce the other interactions in a non-perturbative way.     

High pT π0 production from αα and αp collisions at the CERN ISR

The invariant cross sections for π⁰ meson production in alpha—alpha and alpha—proton collisions at the ISR were meas- ured up to transverse momenta of $\text{7}\text{GeV}\text{c}$ and $\text{8}\text{GeV}\text{c}$, respectively. These measurements are compared with π⁰ production in pp collisions at the same values of $\text{s}\text{/}$nucleon, and the variation of the nuclear A-dependence with p_T is determined.     

Low mass πN enhancement in inelastic αp interaction

Evidence for an enhancement in the isospin $\text{I =}\text{1}\text{2}\text{π}\text{N}$ system at M = 1130 MeV/c² (Γ = 80 MeV/c²) has been found in the reaction αp → αx at an incident α-momentum of 4.00 and 5.08 GeV/c. A strong t-dependence of the cross section and a mass-slope correlation are seen as the main features of the data.     

An SPME–GC–MS method using an octadecyl silica fibre for the determination of the potential angiogenesis modulators 17β-estradiol and 2-methoxyestradiol in culture media

A simple and easily automable method based on solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis was developed for the determination of two potential angiogenesis modulators 17β-estradiol (17-BE) and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MEOE) in culture media. Trifluoroacetic anhydride was used as the derivatising agent. A homemade octadecyl silica coating, characterised by a coating thickness of 72 ± 10 μm and a good thermal stability until 250 °C, was prepared. Experimental design was used to optimise the extraction conditions in terms of derivatisation time, derivatisation temperature and time of extraction. As for method validation, lower limits of quantification of 0.17 and 0.015 μg/l for 17β-estradiol and 2-methoxyestradiol, respectively, were obtained. Finally, the capabilities of the developed fibres were evaluated for the analysis of the investigated analytes developed by granulosa cells in culture media maintained under normoxic, hypoxic and anoxic conditions, in order to better elucidate their possible role in the angiogenic process. An increase of the production of both 17-BE and 2-MEOE in hypoxic and anoxic conditions seems to be related to the effect of oxygen deprivation.     

Integral and differential absolute intensity measurements of cosmic-ray muons below 1 GeV

Summary Absolute differential and integral muon intensities below 1 Ge V/c have been measured with a flash-tube range spectrograph in which stopping muons are identified by the decay sequence. The differential intensities at 0.314 GeV/c and 0.805 GeV/c are (3.25±0.17)·10⁻³ cm⁻² sr⁻¹·s⁻¹ (GeV/c)⁻¹ and (3.60±0.18)·10⁻³ cm⁻² sr⁻¹ s⁻¹ (GeV/c)⁻¹, respectively,i.e. 16% and 33% higher than that of Rossi. These measurements confirm the rencent results of other authors according to which the Rossi reference point at 1 GeV/c is too low of about 25%. Our integral measurements at 0.457 GeV/c and 0.918 GeV/c support this evidence. Резюме Измерены абсолютные дифферецниальные и интегральные интенсивности мюонов ниже 1 ГэB/c, используя спектрограф, в котором остановившиеся мюоны идентифицируются по цепочке распадов. Диффенциальные интенсивностн при 0.314 ГэB/c и 0.805 ГэB/c соответственно составляют (3.25±0.17)·10⁻³ см⁻² ср⁻¹ с⁻¹ (ГэВ/с)⁻¹ и (3.60±0.18)·10⁻³ см⁻² ср⁻¹ с⁻¹ (ГэВ/с)⁻¹, т.е. нв 16% и 33% выше результатов Росси. Проведенные измерения подтвершдают недавние результаты других авторов, согласно которым точка отсчета Росси при 1 ГэВ/с расподожена ниже на 25%. Наши интегральные измерения при 0.457 ГэВ/с и 0.918 ГэВ/с подтверждают этот результат.

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Riassunto Con uno spettrografo a range di tubi a flash sono state misurate le intensità differenziali e integrali sotto 1 GeV/c rivelando la catena del decadimento del muone. Le intensità differenziali a 0.314 GeV/c e 0.805 GeV/c sono rispettivamente (3.25±0.17)·10⁻³ cm² sr⁻¹ s⁻¹ (GeV/c)⁻¹ e (3.60±0.18)·10⁻³ cm⁻² sr⁻¹ s⁻¹ (GeV/c)⁻¹, cioè 16% e 33% più alte di quella di Rossi. Queste misure confermano i recenti risultati di altri autori secondo i quali il punto di riferimento di Rossi a 1 GeV/c è più basso di∼25%. Le nostre misure d'intensità integrale a 0.457 GeV/c e 0.918 GeV/c sostengono queste evidenze.

     

A Dynamical Unification Scheme from General Conservation Laws

The aim of this work is to present an unification scheme of fundamental interactions based on a well defined dynamics, the non-introduction of ad hoc hypotheses and the consideration of the minimal necessary number of free parameters and dimensions. A dynamical unification scheme of fundamental interactions can be achieved assuming a 5D space where conservation laws are always and absolutely valid, i.e. never violated. This approach gives rise to an induced-matter theory in the usual 4D space-time through a process of embedding and dimensional reduction by which masses, spins and charges of particles naturally spring out, and also the the hierarchy problem can be successfully faced thanks to the mass spectrum. The emergence of asymptotic freedom also for gravitational interaction, the existence of two time arrows together with the possibility of closed time-like paths are intrinsic results of such a theory, leading to a recovering of the causality principle and to a formal, dynamical explanation of several paradoxes and questioning problems of modern physics e.g. entanglement of EPR-type quantum states, quantum teleportation, gamma ray bursts origin, black hole singularities and cosmic primary antimatter absence.     

Quantum mechanics,relativity and time

A discussion on quantum mechanics, general relativity and their relations is introduced. The assumption of the absolute validity of conservation laws and the extension to a 5D-space lead to reconsider several shortcomings and paradoxes of modern physics under a new light without the necessity to take into account symmetry breakings. In this picture, starting from first principles, and after a reduction procedure from 5D to 4D, dynamics leads to the natural emergence of two time arrows and ofa scalar-tensor theory of gravity. In this framework, phenomena like entanglement of systems and topology changes can be naturally accounted and, furthermore, several experimental evidences as gamma ray bursts, sizes of astrophysical structures and the observed values of cosmological parameters can be explained. The identification, thanks to conservation laws, of a covariant symplectic structure as a general feature also for gravity can be seen as a deep link common to all the interactions.     

Neutrino oscillation phase dynamically induced by scalar-tensor gravity

We show that the shift of quantum mechanical phase can depend on the nonminimal coupling of scalar-tensor gravity. This fact could constitute a further test to discriminate among the various relativistic theories of gravity. Consequences on atmospheric, solar and astrophysical neutrinos are discussed.     

One-pion production in the dp coherent interaction at medium energy

The angular distribution of the dp → dx reaction at an incident deuteron momentum of 2.95 GeV/c has been measured. The known enhancement in the Nπ $\text{I =}\text{1}\text{2}$ state at M_x ～ 1150 MeV/c² has been well confirmed. These data and the previous ones on the αp → αx process have been interpreted by a theoretical model.