Investigation of primary cosmic rays at the Moon’s surface

The possibility of experimentally studying primary cosmic rays at the Moon’s surface is considered. A mathematical simulations of showers initiated in the lunar regolith by high-energy particles of primary cosmic rays is performed. It is shown that such particles can in principle be recorded by simultaneously detecting three components of backscattered radiation (secondary neutrons, gamma rays, and radio emission).     

Cosmic rays as a new instrument of seismological studies

The state of the art of the short-termearthquake prediction problemis considered. A new method for monitoring the 3D stress state in the earthquake-prone zone using high-energy muons in cosmic rays and simultaneous measurements of acoustic and seismic signals in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1–2 kHz is proposed. To implement this method, muons should be detected simultaneously with extensive air showers in an area of several square kilometers.     

An intracloud discharge caused by extensive atmospheric shower

The observational evidence of RB-EAS discharge in a thunderstorm atmosphere is presented. After RB-EAS discharge we name a discharge of a special type developing due to the runaway breakdown (RB) mechanism while an extensive atmosphere shower (EAS) passes through a thundercloud electric field. The observations were fulfilled at the Tien-Shan Mountain Cosmic Ray Station. The widely spread system of oscillation detectors, the special EAS trigger array and the HF radio interferometer were used for measurements.     

Study of primary cosmic rays on the Moon’s surface and in orbit around the Moon

A mathematical model for experiments aimed at studying the primary cosmic rays on the Moon’s surface and in orbit around the Moon is considered. The feasibility of simultaneously registering in three components (secondary neutrons, gamma rays, and radio emission) particles of primary cosmic rays via reverse current in showers developing in the lunar regolith is demonstrated.     

Study of DD-reaction yields from the Ti/TiO2:Dx heterostructure at low energies using the GELIS setup

The results of measurements of the DD-reaction yields from the Ti/TiO₂:D_x heterostructure in the energy range of 10–25 keV are presented. Neutron and proton fluxes were measured using a neutron detector based on He-3 counters and a CR-39 plastic track detector. A comparison with calculations showed the existence of significant effects of DD-reaction yield amplification. The screening potential for this heterostructure under these experimental conditions was estimated to be in the range U _e = 160–750 eV.     

TAUBAIKAL neutrino telescope

The project of designing a superhigh-energy τ-neutrino telescope is discussed.     

Mechanisms of electrostimulated plasticity during wire-drawing of stainless steel Kh18N10T

To clarify the mechanisms by-which current pulses affect plastic deformation, an electron-microscope study has been made of the evolution of the fine structure of steel Kh18N10T subjected to electrostimulated (current density 1200 MA/m², frequency 200 Hz) and conventional wire-drawing at a speed of 1.88 m/sec with total reduction up to 58%. The evolution of the microstructure of steel during conventional plastic deformation of drawing is similar to that produced by conventional drawing and simultaneous current pulses. Quantitative characteristics of microstructure such as scalar dislocation density, azimuthal disorientation, and distance between subboundaries have been measured and statistically evaluated. The effect of the current is connected with the reduction of the scalar dislocation density and partial recovery of the substructure. Proposed models are supported by the data on microplastic deformation.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 67–71, November, 1991.It is our pleasant duty to express our thanks to L. B. Zuev, É. V. Kozlov, V. I. Danilov, and O. V. Sizova for discussions and critical observations.