Transmission-mode GaN photocathode based on graded Al_xGa_(1-x)N buffer layer

We create a GaN photocathode based on graded Alx Ga1-x N buffer layers to overcome the influence of buffer-emission layer interface on the photoemission of transmission-mode GaN photocathodes.A gateshaped spectral response with a 260-nm starting wavelength and a 375-nm cut-off wavelength is obtained.Average quantum efficiency is 15% and short wavelength responses are almost equivalent to long wavelength ones.The fitted interface recombination velocity is 5×104 cm/s,with negligible magnitude,proving that the design of the graded buffer layers is efficient in obtaining good interface quality between the buffer and the emission layer.     

透射式负电子亲和势GaN光电阴极的光谱响应研究

利用金属有机化合物化学气相淀积(MOCVD)生长了发射层厚度为150 nm、掺杂浓度为1.6×10¹⁷ cm^-3的透射式GaN光电阴极,并在超高真空激活系统中对其进行了激活.通过多信息量测试系统进行了测试,发现透射式负电子亲和势(NEA)GaN光电阴极的量子效率曲线成一个"门"的形状,在255—355 nm波段有较大且平坦的响应,在290 nm处取得最大值为13%,由于AlN缓冲层对短波段光的吸收系数较大,在小于255 nm的波段量子效率出现了下降,当波长大于3 关键词： 透射式 NEA GaN光电阴极 量子效率     

GaAs光电阴极在不同强度光照下的稳定性

利用多信息量测试系统分别测试了反射式GaAs光电阴极激活后在0(无光照)，33和100lx白光照射情况下阴极的光电流衰减变化曲线，计算得到其寿命分别为320，160和75min，阴极稳定性随光照强度的增加而降低，测试了只有光照(100lx)而无光电流流过阴极时阴极的寿命为100min. 通过比较发现光照比光电流对阴极稳定性的影响更大. 还测试了阴极在33lx光照下量子效率曲线随时间的衰减，发现阴极低能光子的量子效率下降速度更快，导致量子效率曲线形状不断发生变化. 基于修正后的反射式阴极量子效率公式对这种变化进行了理论分析，发现与光电子的谷间散射和阴极衰减过程中表面势垒形状的变化有关.     

发射层厚度对反射式GaAs光电阴极性能的影响

通过求解扩散方程,推导了含有后界面复合速率的反射式GaAs光电阴极量子效率公式,并利用MBE在GaAs (100)衬底上外延生长了发射层厚度分别为1.6 μm、2.0 μm和2.6 μm,掺杂浓度为1×1019cm－3的三个反射式GaAs阴极样品,进行了激活实验.实验结果显示:随着发射层厚度的增加,阴极的长波量子效率和灵敏度都有所提高,而这种提高与阴极电子扩散长度的增长有关.同时,理论仿真研究发现,当后界面复合速率小于或等于105cm/s时,阴极发射层有一个最佳厚度,此时阴极灵敏度最高.后界面复合速率对阴极灵敏度在发射层厚度较小时影响较大,而随着厚度的增大阴极灵敏度最终趋于稳定.     

负电子亲和势GaN真空面电子源研究进展

结合国内和国外的最新研究成果,论述了目前在NEA GaN真空面电子源研究方面的现状. 从光电发射理论、表面净化方法、阴极激活工艺、光谱响应测试以及材料本身特性等方面针对GaN真空电子源的研究取得了一定成绩:初步研究了NEA GaN电子源的光电发射机理;给出了可获得原子级清洁表面的净化方法;采用Cs或Cs/O对GaN材料进行了有效激活;测试了GaN真空电子源材料的光谱响应;探讨了影响电子源量子效率的材料特性. 指出了下一步研究需要关注的内容. 关键词： NEA GaN 电子源 光谱响应     

梯度掺杂与均匀掺杂GaN光电阴极的对比研究

为了提高负电子亲和势(NEA)GaN光电阴极的量子效率,利用金属有机化合物化学气相淀积(MOCVD)外延生长了梯度掺杂反射式GaN光电阴极,其掺杂浓度由体内到表面依次为1×10¹⁸ cm^-3,4×10¹⁷ cm^-3,2×10¹⁷ cm^-3和6×10¹⁶ cm^-3,每个掺杂浓度区域的厚度约为45 nm,总的厚度为180 nm.在超高真 关键词： NEA GaN光电阴极 梯度掺杂 量子效率 能带结构     

负电子亲和势GaN光电阴极激活机理研究

利用自行研制的光电阴极激活评估实验系统,给出了GaN光电阴极Cs激活及Cs/O激活的光电流曲线.针对GaN光电阴极的负电子亲和势（NEA）特性的成因,结合激活过程中光电流变化规律和成功激活后的阴极表面模型,研究了NEA GaN光电阴极激活机理.实验表明：GaN光电阴极在单独导入Cs激活时就可获得明显的NEA特性,Cs/O激活时引入O后光电流的增长幅度不大.用双偶极层模型［GaN（Mg）：Cs］：O—Cs较好地解释了激活成功后GaN光电阴极NEA特性的成因. 关键词： 负电子亲和势 GaN 激活 光电流     

铯氧比对砷化镓光电阴极激活结果的影响

实验和理论分析结果表明,激活成功的砷化镓光电阴极的铯氧比存在一个最佳值.砷化镓光电阴极铯氧比的控制可通过调节激活过程中铯源和氧源的加热电流大小来实现.激活实验结果表明,铯氧电流比适中的样品,首次进氧时,光电流上升速度最快,激活后的阴极量子效率最高,稳定性好.当偏离这个比例,过大或过小时,光电流上升速度都会减慢,激活结果也比前者差.随着铯氧电流比的增大,铯氧交替的总次数随之减少.最佳铯氧电流比的调节应以首次进氧时光电流的上升速度最快为准,一旦确定后在整个铯氧交替过程中保持不变.     

Comparison of the photoemission behaviour between negative electron affinity GaAs and GaN photocathodes

In view of the important application of GaAs and GaN photocathodes in electron sources, differences in photoemission behaviour, namely the activation process and quantum yield decay, between the two typical types of III-V compound photocathodes have been investigated using a multi-information measurement system. The activation experiment shows that a surface negative electron affinity state for the GaAs photocathode can be achieved by the necessary Cs-O two-step activation and by Cs activation alone for the GaN photocathode. In addition, a quantum yield decay experiment shows that the GaN photocathode exhibits better stability and a longer lifetime in a demountable vacuum system than the GaAs photocathode. The results mean that GaN photocathodes are more promising candidates for electron source emitter use in comparison with GaAs photocathodes.     

Influence of wet chemical cleaning on quantum efficiency of GaN photocathode

GaN samples 1-3 are cleaned by a 2:2:1 solution of sulfuric acid(98%) to hydrogen peroxide(30%) to de-ionized water;hydrochloric acid(37%);or a 4:1 solution of sulfuric acid(98%) to hydrogen peroxide(30%).The samples are activated by Cs/O after the same annealing process.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after the different ways of wet chemical cleaning shows:sample 1 has the largest proportion of Ga,N,and O among the three samples,while its C content is the lowest.After activation the quantum efficiency curves show sample 1 has the best photocathode performance.We think the wet chemical cleaning method is a process which will mainly remove C contamination.