Neutron Diffraction of Large-Volume Samples at High Pressure Using Compact Opposed-Anvil Cells

Neutron diffraction techniques of large-volume samples at high pressure using compact opposed-anvil cells are developed at a reactor neutron source, China's Mianyang research reactor. We achieve a high-pressure condition of in situ neutron diffraction by means of a newly designed large-volume opposed-anvil cell. This pressure calibration is based on resistance measurements of bismuth and the neutron diffraction of iron. Pressure calibration experiments are performed at room temperature for a new cell using the tungsten carbide anvils with a tapered angle of 30°, Φ4.5 mm culet diameter and the metal-nonmetal composite gasket with a thickness of 2 mm. Transitions in Bi(Ⅰ–Ⅱ 2.55 GPa, Ⅱ–V 7.7 GPa) are observed at 100 and 300 kN, respectively, by resistance measurements.The pressure measurement results of neutron diffraction are consistent with resistance measurements of bismuth.As a result, pressures up to about 7.7 GPa can routinely and stably be achieved using this apparatus, with the sample volume of 9 mm~3.     

铀的结构相变及力学性能的第一性原理计算

基于密度泛函理论, 分别计算了α, γ铀的晶格常数、平衡态体积、体弹模量及其导数等, 与实验和其他第一性原理计算结果符合较好; 并根据焓-压强曲线得到了两相的相变压强～111GPa. 通过体心立方结构理想拉伸强度的计算, 分析其在极端加载条件下的结构行为. 另外, 计算了小应变情况下U-Nb (6.25at.%) 的能量-应变关系, 发现对应于剪切模量c’的应变会使得该结构的能量降低, 揭示了该结构的力学不稳定性. 关键词： 铀 相变 理想强度 结构稳定性     

基于机器视觉的干涉条纹检测

基于机器视觉系统OpenMV,以迈克耳孙干涉仪干涉条纹为研究识别对象,根据光源相干性及干涉条纹动态特性,提出基于灰度采样统计的干涉条纹识别检测算法(干涉条纹同心形态搜索算法),运用MicroPython或Python语言编制实时检测程序,运行结果表明仿真和真实干涉条纹都得到了可靠的检测,精度为0.5个条纹,并且测量不确...     

二氧化钛纳米微粒膜光电化学行为的研究

利用不同的制备方法制备出二氧化钛纳米微粒膜，对二氧化钛纳米微粒膜的光电化学材为和产生的机理进行了研究．结果表明；二氧化钛纳米微粒膜除了具有传统半导体的光电化学性质外，还具有不同于传统半导体的光电化学性质这主要是出膜的微粒性引起的，可综合传统半导体和胶粒半导体两种模型来加以解释。     

In-situ ultrasonic calibrations of pressure and temperature in a hinge-type double-stage cubic large volume press

Here, simultaneous in-situ calibration of pressures and temperatures was performed in a hinge-type second-stage cubic large volume press (LVP) up to 15 GPa and 1400 K by an acoustic travel-time approach. Based on the recently reported P-t_S and P-T-t_P-t_S equations for Al₂O₃ buffer rod, the cell pressures and temperatures in the chamber of LVP were in-situ determined, in comparison with those by conventional off-line (or fixed-points) pressure calibration method and direct thermocouple measurement, respectively. It is found that the cell pressures of the LVP chamber are significantly reduced after annealing at simultaneous high pressures and high temperatures, owing to the stress relaxation as accumulate in the LVP chamber. This acoustic travel-time method is verified to be a good way for precise determination of thermal (cell) pressures at high temperature conditions, and is of great importance and necessity to conduct in-situ physical property measurements under extreme high P-T conditions, especially when the precious synchrotron x-ray/neutron diffraction beams are not available.     

基于巴黎-爱丁堡压机的高压中子衍射技术

巴黎-爱丁堡压机(Paris-Edinburgh press)可配合中子衍射对物质在高压下的结构变化进行研究.自20世纪90年代开始,已在材料学、地学、化学等众多领域得到了广泛应用.本研究利用巴黎-爱丁堡压机在中国绵阳研究堆(CMRR)的高压中子衍射谱仪(凤凰)上成功开展了高压中子衍射实验.实验由一台载荷为200 MPa的单缸柱塞泵为巴黎-爱丁堡压机提供加载压力,并发展了一套与谱仪集成的自动定位系统对样品进行定位.利用铁作为样品,分别使用单凹曲面和双凹曲面两种碳化钨(WC)压砧,成功获得了约10 GPa压力范围内的高压原位中子衍射谱.实验结果显示,双凹曲面组装可以稳定地承受100 MPa的负载压力,而单凹曲面封垫在80 MPa左右的负载压力下就开始不稳定而发生放炮.研究结果表明,双凹曲面压砧的凹槽增强了封垫的侧向支撑能力,使双凹曲面组装比单凹曲面组装具有更好的稳定性.研究结果对进一步优化巴黎-爱丁堡压机的压砧及封垫具有重要的指导意义.     

CMRR中子科学平台的高压中子衍射技术及应用

中国绵阳研究堆(CMRR)建有一台专门的高压中子衍射谱仪(凤凰),用于高压科学研究。对聚焦单色器和导管升级后,凤凰谱仪的束流通量大幅度提高。基于凤凰谱仪,建立并发展了一系列高压中子技术,包括:气体压腔、活塞圆筒型压腔、紧固型压腔、标准巴黎-爱丁堡压机(VX4型)、带加热和水冷系统的两面顶压机(HP3-1500)、及压机的调节与定位系统。通过对高温高压样品腔体组装的优化设计,原位中子衍射的温度和压力最高达到34 GPa和1 500℃。建立的高压中子衍射技术已成功应用于高压溶解度测量、含能材料结构表征、高压聚合反应等方面的研究。     

电化学微/纳加工分辨率的影响因素及对策

The etching resolution of electrochemical fabrication technique is influenced significantly by the diffusion layer of the etchant. It has been shown that a fast etching rate can achieve higher etching resolution due to so-called heterogeneous scavenging effect, while a lower etching rate will result in rather lower etching resolution. For the latter case, the confined etchant layer technique(CELT) has been employed to improve the etching resolution. i. e., a certain redox couple which can consume the etchant homogeneously and rapidly was added to the solution. The homogeneous scavenging effect confined the etchant within a narrow layer around the electrode surface and much improved etching resolution was achieved. Using the CELT and a needle-shaped microelectrode, an etching spot of several micro-meters was obtained at silicon wafer surface.     

基于PE型压机中子衍射高温高压组装的优化设计与实验验证

高温高压原位中子衍射探测手段对凝聚态物理、晶体化学、地球物理以及材料科学与工程等领域的研究均有重要的意义.本文基于中国绵阳研究堆(China Mianyang Research Reactor, CMRR)的高压中子衍射谱仪(凤凰)和1500 kN的PE型两面顶压机,设计了一套应用于高温高压原位中子衍射实验的组装,并利用中子衍射技术进行了实验验证及温度、压力标定.通过对组装在高温高压下的流变控制、绝热绝缘性能提高、有效样品体积最大化等方面的优化,获得了11.4 GPa, 1773 K高温高压条件下的中子衍射谱.该组装的成功研制使CMRR高温高压中子衍射平台的指标得到明显提升.同时,对进一步提高PE型两面顶压机高温高压加载条件、扩展PE型压机在高温高压原位中子衍射领域的的应用范围,具有重要的意义.     

亲水性有机硅杂化防雾涂料的制备及性能

采用Sol-Gel技术制备了二乙醇胺/有机硅杂化涂料, 并用FTIR、UV-Vis、AFM、TGA及接触角等测试技术对涂料及其涂层进行了分析表征. 结果表明, 该杂化涂料具有良好的成膜性. 由于膜层中存在大量的亲水性羟基基团, 使膜层具有良好的亲水性能和防雾效果. 固化后的聚合物膜层中无机相形成了三维交联网络, 赋予了膜层优异的耐磨性和热稳定性.