电子和原子核散射研究原子核结构

本文综述了近年来我们组利用电子散射结合相对论平均场模型对奇特核结构的研究.我们发展了相对论平均场框架下的磁电子散射方法,并用其研究一些中子晕及质子晕核的基态组态,例如,23O,17,29C和23Al.研究发现,原子核不同组态的弹性磁形状因子彼此差别很大.其次,我们发展了相对论平均场框架下的弹性库伦电子散射方法,并用该方法研究了奇特核的电荷分布.研究发现,丰质子核中扩展的电荷密度分布可以通过库伦电子散射来测量.这种方法还被进一步推广用于计算弹性宇称不守恒电子散射,研究了一些典型原子核的中子密度分布,例如,Ca同位素链,N=50同中子素链以及N=Z的双幻核.结果表明,宇称不守恒非对称度的振幅主要由质子和中子形状因子极小值之间的距离决定.这些结果为下一代电子-核对撞机上的电子散射实验提供了有用的参考.     

重核自发裂变寿命的新公式

利用Swiatecki寿命公式及其推广形式系统计算了重核的自发裂变寿命，并提出一个新的四参数自发裂变寿命公式，公式计算结果和实验数据能够很好地符合. 对于Z≥90的重核存在一条N=Z+52的长寿命线. 新公式可以预言长寿命线附近的重核自发裂变寿命.     

Charge Densities of Unstable Nuclei with Electron Scattering

Relativistic mean-field theory and phase-shift analysis are combined together to investigate the elastic Coulomb scattering between electrons and unstable nuclei. Electron scattering at several different energies is studied and compared, in order to see the energy dependence of electron-nucleus scattering. It is shown that electron scattering at 200 MeV or 300 MeV can be used to reveal electron-nucleus scattering information around the first diffraction minimum. Shifts in opposite directions are obtained for the first diffraction minima of the electron scattering off the ground and first excited states of ^17F with ^16O as reference, and similar effects are obtained for ^18Ne. Besides, some neutron-rich N = 8 isotones are also studied. Results show that electron scattering will be very useful and important in studying both proton- and neutron-rich nuclei in the future.     

重核的结团放射性

对重核的结团放射性(¹⁴C—³⁴Si)的实验数据进行了系统的分析和研究.提出了一个描述结团放射性寿命的新公式.理论计算结果与实验寿命在5倍以内符合.指出结团放射性的衰变能和结团内α粒子数有一个新的线性关系,标志着重核表面有α凝聚.     

Probe the 2s（1/2） and 1d（3/2） state level inversion with electron-nucleus scattering

The neutron-rich even-even nuclei^26–40Mg,^28–46Si,^30–48S, and ^32–56Ar are calculated with the RMF model and the phase-shift electron scattering method. Results show that level inversion of the 2s1/2 and 1d3/2 proton states may occur for the magnesium, silicon, sulphur, and argon isotopes with more neutrons away from the stability line. Calculations show that the variation of the central charge densities for30–48S, and32–56Ar are very sensitive to the 2s1/2 and 1d3/2 proton state level inversion, and the level inversion can lead to a large measurable central charge depletion to the charge density distributions for the neutron-rich isotopes. Calculations also show that the charge density diferences between the isotopes with and without central charge depletion can reveal not only the level inversion of the 2s1/2 and 1d3/2 proton states but also the behavior of the proton wave functions of both states. The results can provide references for the possible study of the nuclear level inversion and nuclear bubble phenomenon with electron scattering of short-lived nuclei at RIKEN or/and GSI in the future. In addition, direct nuclear reaction 44S（n, d）43P or44S（3H, α）43P might also be a possible way to study the 2s1/2 and 1d3/2 proton state level inversion.     

Theoretical study of the central depression of nuclear charge density distribution by electron scattering

The charge form factors of elastic electron scattering for isotones with N=20 and N=28 are calculated using the phase-shift analysis method, with corresponding charge density distributions from relativistic mean-field theory. The results show that there are sharp variations at the inner parts of charge distributions with the proton number decreasing. The corresponding charge form factors are divided into two groups because of the unique properties of the s-states wave functions, though the proton numbers change uniformly in two isotonic chains. Meanwhile, the shift regularities of the minima are also discussed, and we give a clear relation between the minima of the charge form factors and the corresponding charge radii. This relation is caused by the diffraction effect of the electron. Under this conclusion, we calculate the charge density distributions and the charge form factors of the A=44 nuclei chain. The results are also useful for studying the central depression in light exotic nuclei.     

奇特原子核6,8He的电荷形状因子研究

应用相对论Eikonal近似计算了用不同模型给出的^6,8He的电荷半径和电荷分布的形状因子, 并将结果与⁶He和⁴He的实验结果进行了比较. 结果显示不同模型给出的电荷半径和电荷形状因子差别很大, 表明不同模型给出的晕中子与α核芯的关联有很大的差异. 计算和讨论结果为在下一代电子-原子核对撞机上可能进行的实验提供了理论参考, 同时, 也为现有讨论奇特原子核的理论模型提供了检验.     

电子和原子核散射研究原子核结构(英文)

本文综述了近年来我们组利用电子散射结合相对论平均场模型对奇特核结构的研究。我们发展了相对论平均场框架下的磁电子散射方法,并用其研究一些中子晕及质子晕核的基态组态,例如,23O,17,19C和23Al。研究发现,原子核不同组态的弹性磁形状因子彼此差别很大。其次,我们发展了相对论平均场框架下的弹性库伦电子散射方法,并用该方法研究了奇特核的电荷分布。研究发现,丰质子核中扩展的电荷密度分布可以通过库伦电子散射来测量。这种方法还被进一步推广用于计算弹性宇称不守恒电子散射,研究了一些典型原子核的中子密度分布,例如,Ca同位素链,N=50同中子素链以及N=Z的双幻核。结果表明,宇称不守恒非对称度的振幅主要由质子和中子形状因子极小值之间的距离决定。这些结果为下一代电子-核对撞机上的电子散射实验提供了有用的参考。     

Probe the 2s_(1/2) and 1d_(3/2) state level inversion with electron-nucleus scattering

The neutron-rich even-even nuclei26–40Mg,28–46Si,30–48S,and32–56Ar are calculated with the RMF model and the phase-shift electron scattering method.Results show that level inversion of the 2s1/2and 1d3/2proton states may occur for the magnesium,silicon,sulphur,and argon isotopes with more neutrons away from the stability line.Calculations show that the variation of the central charge densities for30–48S,and32–56Ar are very sensitive to the 2s1/2and 1d3/2proton state level inversion,and the level inversion can lead to a large measurable central charge depletion to the charge density distributions for the neutron-rich isotopes.Calculations also show that the charge density diferences between the isotopes with and without central charge depletion can reveal not only the level inversion of the 2s1/2and 1d3/2proton states but also the behavior of the proton wave functions of both states.The results can provide references for the possible study of the nuclear level inversion and nuclear bubble phenomenon with electron scattering of short-lived nuclei at RIKEN or/and GSI in the future.In addition,direct nuclear reaction44S(n,d)43P or44S(3H,α)43P might also be a possible way to study the 2s1/2and 1d3/2proton state level inversion.