碰撞几何构型对相对论重离子碰撞旁观者核子的影响（英文）

在不同的核物质对称能下利用约束的Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov计算得到了形变核的核子分布,基于此计算了RHIC能量下形变核碰撞产生的自由旁观者核子数及中质子产额比,并分析了中子皮和碰撞几何构型的影响。本工作发现,相比于其他碰撞构型,长椭球核的头对头碰撞和扁椭球核的腰对腰碰撞产生的自由旁观者核子数最少。旁观者中质子产额比敏感于中子皮的平均厚度,因此是对称能的良好探针,但不同碰撞几何构型所得到的产额比依赖于中子皮的极化角分布。在某些碰撞体系中,碰撞几何构型的效应大约为对称能效应的50%。由于²³⁸U和⁹⁶Zr的特殊形变中子皮,相对于其他碰撞构型,旁观者中质子产额比对对称能的敏感性在头对头的²³⁸U+²³⁸U碰撞和腰对腰的⁹⁶Zr+⁹⁶Zr碰撞得到了增强。此研究可能开启新的研究方向,即通过筛选高能形变核碰撞的几何构型来研究形变的中子皮分布。     

Bulk viscosity for interacting strange quark matter and r-mode instability windows for strange stars

We investigate the bulk viscosity of strange quark matter in the framework of the equivparticle model,where analytical formulae are obtained for certain temperature ranges,which can be readily applied to those with various quark mass scalings.In the case of adopting a quark mass scaling with both linear confinement and perturbative interactions,the obtained bulk viscosity increases by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with those in bag model scenarios.Such an enhancement is mainly due to the large quark equivalent masses adopted in the equivparticle model,which are essentially attributed to the strong interquark interactions and are related to the dynamical chiral symmetry breaki ng.Due to the high bulk viscosity,the predicted damping time of oscillatio ns for a can on ical 1.4 M⊙ strange star is less than one millisecond,which is shorter than previous findings.Consequently,the obtained r-mode instability window for the canonical strange stars well accommodates the observational frequencies and temperatures for pulsars in low-mass X-ray binaries(LMXBs).     

Deconfinement phase transition in neutron star matter

The transition from hadron phase to strange quark phase in dense matter is investigated. Instead of using the conventional bag model in quark sect, we achieve the confinement by a density-dependent quark mass derived from in-medium chiral condensates, with a thermodynamic problem improved. In nuclear slot, we adopt the equation of state from Brueckner-Bethe-Goldstone approach with three-body force. It is found that the mixed phase can occur, for reasonable confinement parameter, near the normal saturation density, and transit to pure quark matter at 4—5 times the saturation, which is quite different from the previous results from other quark models that pure quark phase can not appear at neutron-star densities.     

奇异介子光生反应的QCD描述

从低能QCD有效拉氏量出发,利用重子夸克结构的[SU_SF(6)⊙O(3)]_sym.⊙SU_c(3)波函数,研究了在核子上的奇异介子光生反应.计算了γ+p→K⁺+Λ反应的微分截面.结果表明:与传统唯象的强子理论相比,仅有一个自由参数(即强相互作用耦合常数)的QCD理论成功地描述了反应过程,很好地解释了实验结果.     

2009年度物理科学二处科学基金项目评审工作综述

物理科学二处主要资助基础物理、粒子物理、核物理、核技术与应用、加速器物理与探测器技术、等离子体物理、同步辐射方法与技术等领域的研究工作.本文简要综述200g年度物理科学二处基金项目受理、评审情况,使广大科研人员及科研管理部门了解本年度的总体状况,同时对下年度的申请工作提供指导.     

新的质量标度下奇异夸克物质的电荷在临界密度

应用自恰的热力学方式确定夸克质量公式中的参数，并进一步证明，在新的质量标度下，适量的负电荷仍然可以降低奇异夸克物质的临界密度，从而有利于在重离子磁撞实验中寻找ｓｔｒａｎｇｅｌｅｔｓ。当然，过量的负电荷仍将使味平衡成为不可能。     

Magnetized strange quark matter in a mass-density-dependent model

We investigate the properties of strange quark matter (SQM) in a strong magnetic field with quark confinement by the density dependence of quark masses considering the total baryon number conservation, charge neutrality and chemical equilibrium. It is found that an additional term should appear in the pressure expression to maintain thermodynamic consistency. At fixed density, the energy density of magnetized SQM varies with the magnetic field strength. By increasing the field strength an energy minimum exists located at about 6×10¹⁹ Gauss when the density is fixed at two times the normal nuclear saturation density.     

关于奇异夸克物质的性质

基于以前的工作,导出了新的奇异夸克质量公式,并用于研究奇异夸克物质的性质,得到与MIT袋模型类似的结果.而且发现,新公式导致与以前有所不同的结果,即声速随能量密度的增加而趋向于极端相对论情况的速度减慢.     

奇异介子光生反应的低能QCD Lagrange量描述

从低能QCD Lagrange量出发, 利用重子夸克结构的［SU_SF(6)O(3)]_sym. SU_c(3)波函数,研究了在核子上的奇异介子光生反应. 计算了γ+p→K ⁺+Λ反应的总截面、微分截面和p-极化. 结果表明: 与传统的唯象的强子理论相比, 仅有一个自由参数(即强相互作用耦合常数)的QCD理论成功地描述了反应过程, 很好地解释了实验结果.     

奇异强子与核子的相互作用

包含s夸克的强子称为奇异强子,它与核子相互作用的研究近年来有了长足发展 .在指出这种研究的重要意义后,从实验和理论两方面介绍奇异强子 (主要是K介子和超子 )与核子相互作用的研究现状及方法等 ,包括运动学和动力学机制、介子交换模型和夸克模型解释诸方面的问题. We try to highlight some of the key issues regarding the interactions between strange hadron and nucleon, which relate to the kinematics and dynamics mechanism, meson exchange model and quark model. Starting from a brief introduction on the main research goals, we focus on the status of experimental and theoretical investigations of kaon nucleon and hyperon nucleon interactions, which may be considered to be a necessary basis for the studies of nuclear physics with strangeness.