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在超声波作用下,以浓硫酸为催化剂催化合成乙酸异戊酯.最佳反应条件是:乙酸和异戊醇的摩尔比1:2.2,催化剂用量为1.2mL,反应时间为20min,超声波输出功率为90W.在此反应条件下,酯产率为78.5%. 相似文献
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在6 GPa和1500 ℃的压力和温度范围内, 利用高压熔渗生长法制备了纯金刚石聚晶, 深入研究了高温高压下金刚石聚晶生长过程中碳的转化机制. 利用光学显微镜、X-射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜检测, 发现在熔渗过程中金刚石层出现了石墨化现象, 在烧结过程中金刚石颗粒表面形貌发生了变化. 根据实验现象分析, 在制备过程中存在三种碳的转化机制: 1)金属熔渗阶段金刚石颗粒表面石墨化产生石墨; 2)产生的石墨在烧结阶段很快转变为填充空隙的金刚石碳; 3)金刚石直接溶解在金属溶液中, 以金刚石形式在颗粒间析出, 填充空隙. 本文研究碳的转化机制为在高温高压金属溶剂法合成金刚石的条件下(6 GPa和1500 ℃的压力和温度范围内)工业批量化制备无添加剂、无空隙的纯金刚石聚晶提供了重要的理论指导. 相似文献
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Synergistic influences of titanium,boron, and oxygen on large-size single-crystal diamond growth at high pressure and high temperature 下载免费PDF全文
Guang-Tong Zhou 《中国物理 B》2022,31(6):68103-068103
The synergistic influences of boron, oxygen, and titanium on growing large single-crystal diamonds are studied using different concentrations of B2O3 in a solvent-carbon system under 5.5 GPa-5.7 GPa and 1300 ℃-1500 ℃. It is found that the boron atoms are difficult to enter into the crystal when boron and oxygen impurities are doped using B2O3 without the addition of Ti atoms. However, high boron content is achieved in the doped diamonds that were synthesized with the addition of Ti. Additionally, boron-oxygen complexes are found on the surface of the crystal, and oxygen-related impurities appear in the crystal interior when Ti atoms are added into the FeNi-C system. The results show that the introduction of Ti atoms into the synthesis cavity can effectively control the number of boron atoms and the number of oxygen atoms in the crystal. This has important scientific significance not only for understanding the synergistic influence of boron, oxygen, and titanium atoms on the growth of diamond in the earth, but also for preparing the high-concentration boron or oxygen containing semiconductor diamond technologies. 相似文献
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Reaction mechanism of metal and pyrite under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions and improvement of the properties 下载免费PDF全文
Pyrite tailings are the main cause of acid mine wastewater. We propose an idea to more effectively use pyrite, and it is modified by exploiting the reducibility of metal represented by Al under high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) conditions. Upon increasing the Al addition, the conductivity of pyrite is effectively improved, which is nearly 734 times higher than that of unmodified pyrite at room temperature. First-principles calculations are used to determine the influence of a high pressure on the pyrite lattice. The high pressure increases the thermal stability of pyrite, reduces pyrite to high-conductivity Fe7S8 (pyrrhotite) by Al. Through hardness and density tests the influence of Al addition on the hardness and toughness of samples is explored. Finally we discuss the possibility of using other metal-reducing agents to improve the properties of pyrite. 相似文献
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By doping titanium hydride(TiH2) into boron carbide(B4C), a series of B4C + x wt% TiH2(x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20)composite ceramics were obtained through spark plasma sintering(SPS). The effects of the sintering temperature and the amount of TiH2 additive on the microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of the sintered B4C-TiB2 composite ceramics were investigated. Powder mixtures of B4C with 0–20 wt% TiH2 were heated from 1400℃ to 1800℃ for 20 min under 50 MPa. The results indicated that higher sintering temperatures contributed to greater ceramic density. With increasing TiH2 content, titanium diboride(TiB2) formed between the TiH2 and B4C matrix. This effectively improved Young’s modulus and fracture toughness of the composite ceramics, significantly improving their electrical properties: the electrical conductivity reached 114.9 S·cm-1 at 1800℃ when x = 20. Optimum mechanical properties were obtained for the B4C ceramics sintered with 20 wt% TiH2, which had a relative density of 99.9±0.1%, Vickers hardness of 31.8 GPa,and fracture toughness of 8.5 MPa·m1/2. The results indicated that the doping of fine Ti particles into the B4C matrix increased the conductivity and the fracture toughness of B4C. 相似文献
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以纯铝为基体,使用体积分数为50%的200μm镀钛金刚石为填充材料,利用高温高压粉末冶金法在压力3 GPa、温度700℃条件下烧结10 min得到热导率为529 W/(m·K)的高导热金刚石/铝复合材料。通过光学显微镜和X射线衍射对镀钛金刚石的形貌和物性进行表征,并利用激光导热仪、扫描电镜和热膨胀仪对制备的金刚石/铝复合材料进行性能测试。研究发现,使用放电等离子体烧结制备的镀钛金刚石镀层成分主要是单质钛,并伴有少量碳化钛生成。通过对比在相同制备条件下没有经过镀覆处理的金刚石发现,使用镀钛金刚石能够有效提高金刚石/铝复合材料的热导率。同时,高温高压法能够制备全密度的金刚石/铝复合材料,有效提高铝基体与金刚石的界面结合,减少界面空隙,进而有效提高复合材料的热导率。相比真空热压、放电等离子体烧结、气压熔渗等常规方式,高温高压粉末冶金制备方式具有样品制备周期短(数分钟)的特点。此项研究有助于拓宽高导热复合材料的制备方式,同时能够扩大国内六面顶压机的产品种类,为其他金属基体导热复合材料的制备提供技术支持。 相似文献
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