断前粒子发射的同位素效应

用推广的裂变扩散模型研究了²⁸Si+^164,167,170Er→^192,195,198Pb反应中测量的断前中子、质子和α粒子多重性的激发函数.发现扩散模型能很好地拟合这些轻粒子多重性随裂变系统激发能和Pb同位素的变化趋势.表明断前粒子发射存在一个同位素效应.进而在一个考虑了裂变过程中摩擦效应的统计模型的框架内,在In和Er这两个元素的同位素链中,考察了同位素效应与裂变碎片质量不对称性和裂变系统尺度的关系.计算结果表明:同位素效应的存在不依赖于裂变系统的大小和不对称性.此外,当裂变系统具有高的中质比时,轻带电粒子发射将不再敏感于裂变延迟时间的长短,而中子发射则非常敏感.这个结果暗示对那些特别丰中子的裂变系统,轻带电粒子(质子和α粒子)的多重性对于研究热核裂变过程中的摩擦强度不是一个好的探针.     

Langevin study of neutron emission in the reactions ^16O＋^181Ta and ^19F＋^178Hf^＊

The pre-scission neutrons measured in the reactions 16O 181Ta and 19F 178Hf are studied via a Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model. We find that because of the mass asymmetry of different entrance channels, the spin distributions of compound nuclei would be different, consequently, the measured neutrons in these two reactions would also different. This means that the entrance channel will affect the particle emission in the fission process of hot nuclei.     

Influence of angular momentum on evaporation residue cross section as a probe of nuclear dissipation

By calculating the excess of the evaporation residue cross sections of the ²⁰⁰Pb     

同位旋对用裂变截面探测鞍点前摩擦的影响

耦合了轻粒子发射的随机Langevin模型被用于计算三个Bi裂变系统因核耗散效应引起的相对于标准统计模型预计的裂变截面值的变化,σ_fdrop作为激发能的函数。发现209Bi的σ_fdrop要大于202Bi和195Bi的σ_fdrop,这表明高同位旋系统209Bi的裂变截面对摩擦强度有更大的敏感性。该结果建议,当实验上使用裂变激发函数来更精确地提取鞍点前摩擦强度时,应产生具有高同位旋的复合核。进而,通过Langevin计算拟合p+206Pb和p+209Bi反应的裂变激发函数数据,提取的鞍点前摩擦强度为（3~5）×1021 s-1。Langevin models that are coupled with particle emission are applied to calculate the drop of fission cross section caused by friction over its standard statistical-model value, σ_fdrop, as a function of excitation energy for three Bi nuclei with different isospins. We find that σ_fdrop become larger for 209Bi than for 202Bi and 195Bi, indicating a greater sensitivity of fission cross section to friction for high-isospin 209Bi. These results suggest that, to more accurately determine the presaddle dissipation strength by measuring fission excitation functions, it is best to populate those compound systems with a high isospin. Furthermore, we analyze the data of fission excitation functions measured in p + 209Bi and p + 208Pb reactions, which yield high-isospin 210Po and 209Bi systems, and extract a presaddle friction strength of (3-5)×1021 s-1 by comparing Langevin simulations with these experimental data.     

用He离子诱导的裂变激发函数探测核摩擦强度(英文)

随机模型被用于分析3He+197Au,3He+208Pb和3He 186W反应测量的裂变激发函数。提取的鞍点前摩擦强度约为4×1021s-1。揭示了能级密度参数的大小在约束核摩擦强度中的作用。计算表明,高激发条件能能显著增强裂变截面对核耗散的敏感性。     

10.6MeV/u 84Kr+27Al碰撞中粒子发射的方位角分布和方位角关联

研究了10.6MeV/u ⁸⁴Kr+²⁷Al反应中与碎片符合的轻带电粒子发射,重点研究了用二阶傅里叶级数拟合发射粒子的方位角分布和方位角关联得出的二阶各向异性系数的性质.结果证实了一个事件中的粒子都以相同方位角分布统计独立发射.发现二阶各向异性系数同碎片的质量用微弱的信赖性,并随发射粒子质量的增加而增加.     

介质中的核子–孩子碰撞截面及其对原子核反应总截面的影响

给出了一个在较大能量范围内描述介质中核子-核子碰撞截面的计算公式,并结合微观修正的Glauber模型,研究了介质效应对原子核反应总截面的影响.     

核耗散强度对角动量的可能依赖性

对130MeV ³He+^natAg→^110,112In和890以及714MeV ⁸⁴Kr+²⁷Al →¹¹¹In反应中的核耗散行为进行了一个比较分析. 数据分析建议除了已知的温度和/或形变依赖性以外, 核耗散强度可能对角动量也存在一定的依赖性.     

Surveying the role of excitation energy in probing nuclear dissipation

A dynamical Langevin model is employed to calculate the excess of the evaporation residue cross sections of the ^194Pb nucleus over that predicted by the standard statistical model as a function of nuclear dissipation strength. It is shown that large excitation energy can increase the effects of nuclear dissipation on the excess of the evaporation residues and the sensitivity of this excess to the dissipation strength,and that more higher excitation energies have little contribution to further raising this sensitivity. These results suggest that on the experimental side,producing those compound systems with moderate excitation energy is sucient for a good determination of the pre-saddle nuclear dissipation strength by measuring the evaporation residue cross section,and that forming an extremely highly excited system does not considerably improve the sensitivity of evaporation residues to the dissipation strength.     

System size effects on probing nuclear dissipation with neutrons

Using a dynamical Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model, we calculate the excess of the pre-scission neutron multiplicities over its standard statistical-model values as a function of the nuclear dissipation strength for the three nuclei 19~Os, 2~~Hg, and 21~po which have the same neutron-to-proton ratio N/Z. We find that by decreasing the size of the fissioning nuclei, the effects of nuclear dissipation on the excess of the pre-scission neutron multiplicity are substantially amplified, and that the sensitivity of this excess to the nuclear friction strength is considerably increased as well. We suggest that for those fissioning systems with the same N/Z that are populated in fusion reactions, to obtain a more accurate information of the nuclear dissipation strength by measuring the pre-scission neutron multiplicity, it is best to choose a system with a small size.