离子液体的特性及其在生物催化和生物转化中的应用

生物催化反应具有反应条件温和、无环境污染、反应速度快、选择性高等优点,因此成为催化学科的前沿之一.目前已有100多种化学工业生产利用生物催化反应,实验室规模的酶催化更有13000种之多[1].自20世纪80～90年代以来,世界各国的科学家对离子液体(Ionic Liquids,ILs)的研究越来越多,原因是ILs在室温或室温附近温度下呈液态、一般是由有机阳离子和无机阴离子所组成,熔点低、蒸气压小、电化学窗口大、酸性可调及良好的溶解度、粘度、密度等特点,已经或正在有机合成、催化、分离、电化学等领域被广泛应用,并因其对环境友好吸引了工业的兴趣,而且因其绿色环保有望取代传统有机溶剂.     

辐照诱导人正常肝细胞系HL-7702 细胞远后的微卫星不稳定性

采用高传能线密度(LET) 的12C6+离子束和低LET 的X 射线辐照人正常肝细胞系HL-7702 细胞,利用微卫星不稳定性(MSI) 检测来分析直接受照射细胞和通过转移培养基方式旁细胞传代八代子细胞以MSI 表征的远后效应。实验结果表明,12C6+离子束诱导的远后效应较X射线的低;旁细胞的远后效应较直接受照射细胞的高;辐射引起的MSI 与杂合性丢失(LOH) 的发生率具有位点特异性。结果提示,重离子放射治疗较X 射线放射治疗对正常组织引发的辐射风险要小,可通过对MSI 高发位点的筛选来评估放疗后患者长期生存状况和二次癌症发生风险。Human normal liver cell line HL-7702 cells were irradiated with high linear energy transfer (LET) 12C6+ ions and low-LET X-rays, respectively. Delayed effect in terms of microsatellite instability (MSI) in progenies of the directly irradiated cells and bystander cells, obtained in the way of medium transfer at the 8th passage postirradiation,were examined. The delayed effect induced by the high-LET 12C6+ ions was different from that induced by the low-LET X-rays, and a higher incidence of MSI was observed in the progenies of the cells after exposure to the X-rays than to the 12C6+ ions. We also found that the delayed effect in the progenies of the bystander cells was much more severe than thoseof directly irradiated cells. Furthermore, the events of MSI and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) induced by the ionizing radiations were not randomly distributed throughout the genome and specific loci existed indeed. These results imply that the radiation risk to normal tissues is lower in heavy ion therapy than in conventional X-ray radiotherapy, and the analysis of microsatellite loci with MSI high frequency occurrence can be applied to access long-term survival condition and second cancer risk for the patients after radiotherapy.