A measurement system for alpha and beta surface emissionrate using MWPC

We have developed a large area multi-wire proportional counter (MWPC) as a standard for the measurement of alpha and beta surface emission rate at the Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology (SIMT). To shorten the preparation time for chamber gas refilling, a self-designed gas control unit was adopted. Various characteristics of the system have been studied. The uncertainties were analysed. Three certified alpha plane sources (Am-241) and six certified beta plane sources (Tl-204 and Sr-90/Y-90) were measured by this system. The results show excellent agreement with the surface emission rate reported by the National Institute of Measuring, China (NIM) that E_n values of all measured sources are within ±1.     

Effect of temperature on MRPC with pad read-outs

To obtain a quantitative understanding of the influence of temperature on the performance of multi-gap resistive plate chambers (MRPCs), we have tested the performance of a 10-gap, 12-pad, 2×2×12 cm² active area MRPC at different temperatures with cosmic rays. Presented are results from measurements of high-voltage scans, noise rate, dark current, streamer, time resolution, count rate, charge spectrum, and detection efficiency. The test results show that the MRPC performance is significantly affected by temperature arising from the temperature-dependence of the glass resistivity.     

基于统计遗传算法的X射线荧光重叠峰分解

针对X射线荧光分析中相邻谱峰之间的重叠问题,结合光谱形成过程的随机物理特性,提出了一种基于高斯混合统计模型(Gaussian mixture statistics model, GMSM)和遗传算法的重叠峰分解方法。首先,提出了重叠峰的GMSM描述方法,并分析了期望最大化法(expectation maximization, EM)的局部收敛问题;接着,将GMSM参数看作个体基因,以重叠峰随机数据序列的对数似然函数作为适应度函数,并给出了目标函数值的快速算法;然后,采用遗传算法的群体搜索技术找出全局最优解,实现重叠峰分解。该方法将所有测量的随机数据都当作“有用”来处理,其“有用”程度由其概率大小来体现,实现了原谱数据的“零损失”,搜索到的GMSM是全局最大概率意义下的“最佳匹配”模型,符合放射性测量过程的随机性。通过对四个严重重叠峰分解的实验表明,分解后的峰位、峰面积及标准偏差具有较高精度,最大误差分别为0.7道, 2.3%, 2.17%,特别适合于严重重叠的情况,并可广泛用于其他能谱重叠峰的分解。