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1.
2.
Consider a network where two routes are available for users wishing to travel from a source to a destination. On one route (which could be viewed as private transport) service slows as traffic increases. On the other (which could be viewed as public transport) the service frequency increases with demand. The Downs-Thomson paradox occurs when improvements in service produce an overall decline in performance as user equilibria adjust. Using the model proposed by Calvert [10], with a ⋅|M|1 queue corresponding to the private transport route, and a bulk-service infinite server queue modelling the public transport route, we give a complete analysis of this system in the setting of probabilistic routing. We obtain the user equilibria (which are not always unique), and determine their stability.AMS subject classification: 60K30, 90B15, 90B20, 91A10, 91A13This revised version was published online in June 2005 with corrected coverdate 相似文献
3.
Solomon Fekade Mulugeta Bekele 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,26(3):369-374
We analyze the relaxation behavior of a bistable system when the background temperature profile is inhomogeneous due to the
presence of a localized hot region (blowtorch) on one side of the potential barrier. Since the diffusion equation for inhomogeneous
medium is model-dependent, we consider two physical models to study the kinetics of such system. Using a conventional stochastic
method, we obtain the escape and equilibration rates of the system for the two physical models. For both models, we find that
the hot region enhances the escape rate from the well where it is placed while it retards the escape rate from the other well. However, the value of the escape rate from the well where the hot region is placed differs
for the two models while that of the escape rate from the other well is identical for both. This work, for the first time,
gives a detailed report of the similarities and differences of the escape rates and, hence, exposes the common and distinct
features of the two known physical models in determining the way the bistable system relaxes.
Received 25 September 2001 相似文献
4.
The convergent iterative procedure for solving the groundstate Schr?dinger
equation is extended to derive the excitation energy and the wavefunction of the
low-lying excited states. The method is applied to the one-dimensional quartic
potential problem. The results show that the iterative solution converges rapidly
when the coupling g is not too small. 相似文献
5.
Stewart C Zieminski A Blessing S Crittenden R Draper P Dzierba A Heinz R Krider J Marshall T Martin J Sambamurti A Smith P Sulanke T Gomez R Dauwe L Haggerty H Malamud E Nikolic M Hagopian S Abrams R Ares J Goldberg H Halliwell C Margulies S McLeod D Salminen A Solomon J Wu G Ellsworth R Goodman J Gupta S Yodh G Watts T Abramov V Antipov Y Baldin B Denisov S Glebov V Gorin Y Kryshkin V Petrukhin A Polovnikov S Sulyaev R 《Physical review D: Particles and fields》1990,42(5):1385-1395
6.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
7.
8.
A. Parrish R. L. de Zafra J. W. Barrett P. Solomon B. Connor 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1987,8(5):431-440
Atmospheric opacity values in the zenith direction are given for a wavelength of 1.1 mm (278 GHz) at the summit of Mauna Kea in the Hawaiian Islands. A total of 75 days is covered during the period 1983–1986. Observations were made on a quasi-continuous basis, with opacity measured every 20 minutes around the clock for significant periods of time. A conversion from opacity at =1.1 mm to the equivalent preciptable water vapor column is given from the measurements of Zammit and Ade, from which opacities at other wavelengths may be derived. The data presented here supplement those in an earlier paper covering 34 days in the fall of 1982. 相似文献
9.
10.
Ssenyange S Anariba F Bocian DF McCreery RL 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2005,21(24):11105-11112
Various aromatic and aliphatic alkynes and one alkene were covalently bonded to sp(2)-hybridized carbon surfaces by heat treatment in an argon atmosphere. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman, and FTIR spectra of the modified surfaces showed that the molecules were intact after the 400 degrees C heat treatment but that the alkyne group had reacted with the surface to form a covalent bond. Alkynes with ferrocene and porphyrin centers exhibited chemically reversible voltammetric waves that could be cycled many times. Atomic force microscopy of the modified surfaces indicated a thickness of the molecular layer consistent with monolayer coverage, and surface coverage determined by voltammetry was also in the monolayer range. Raman spectroscopy of the porphyrin monolayers formed from a porphyrin alkyne showed no evidence for dimer formation, although multilayer formation may occur at undetected levels. FTIR spectra of the porphyrin-modified carbon surfaces were well-defined, similar to the parent molecule, and indicative of an average tilt angle between the porphyrin plane and the surface normal of 37 degrees . The bond between the molecular monolayer and the carbon surface was quite stable, withstanding sonication in tetrahydrofuran, mild aqueous acid and base, and repeated voltammetric cycling in propylene carbonate electrolyte. Heat treatment of alkynes and alkenes appears to be a generally useful method for modifying carbon surfaces, which can be applied to both aromatic and aliphatic molecules. 相似文献