Electrical conduction in copper vanadate

A.C. and d.c. electrical conductivities, thermoelectric power and dielectric constant of copper vanadate (CuV₂O₆) have been measured in the temperature range 300–1000 K in order to discuss the electrical conduction in the compound. The extrinsic conduction, which takes place below 500 K, has been explained by small polaron hopping mechanism while intrinsic conduction, which takes place above 500 K, has been explained by large polaron band mechanism in view of the values of activation energy and charge carrier mobility in the temperature ranges 300–500 K and 500–1000 K.     

Studies in the metathesis of beryllium chloride and sodium silicate solutions

Summary From the conduotometrio and electrometric studies of the metathesis between beryllium chloride and sodium silicate, it has been concluded that two silicates of beryllium are formed along with the formation of beryllium hydroxide and silicic acid. It has been further concluded that the hydrolysis of beryllium chloride is not so great as that of chlorides of iron and chromium.

---

Zusammenfassung Aus Leitf?higkeitsmessungen und elektrometrischen Untersuchungen an Reaktionsprodukten aus Berylliumchlorid und Natriumsilikat wird auf Entstehung von zwei Berylliumsilikaten geschlossen, gleichzeitig auf Bildung von Berylliumhydroxyd und Kiesels?ure. Die Hydrolyse von Berylliumchlorid ist nicht so stark wie die von Eisen- und Chromchlorid.

     

Some neutral three-coordinate complexes of mercury(II) halides and pseudohalides with N-methylnicotinamide

Coordination compounds of mercury(II) chloride, bromide, cyanide and thiocyanate with N-methylnicotinamide, a potentially bidentate ligand, have been prepared. The complexesisolated have 1∶1 (metal:ligand)stoichiometry. Molecular weight measurements in molten camphor indicate that the mercury (II) chloride and bromide complexes are monomeric. Based on conductance values, molecular weight determinations and infrared spectral data, it is inferred that in the solid state in all these complexes the metal ion has a coordination number three and is bonded to the N-methylnicotinamide via its pyridine ring nitrogen, and is terminally bonded to the halogen/pseudohalogens.     

Scaling characteristics of ac conductivity and dielectric function in fractal regime of the metal-insulator transition

An analysis of the ac conductivity _ac(), and the ac dielectric constant, (), of the metal-insulator percolation systems is presented in the critical regime near the transition threshold. It is argued that the polarization and relaxation of the finite fractal metallic clusters play dominant roles in controlling the dynamic response of the system on both sides of the threshold. The relaxation time constant of a fractal cluster is shown to scale with its size as withd _t = 4 – 2d +d _c + /, whered is tge Euclidean dimension, andd _c , , and are the scaling indices for the charging, the dc conductivity, and the correlation length respectively. The average time dependent response of the system is shown to scale with a new time scale , where is the correlation length and ₀ is a microscopic time constant. It is shown that at frequencies and with /d_t 1, in close agreement with experiments. The effects of the anomalous transport along the infinite cluster and the medium polarizability are also discussed.     

Sodium alginate/HPMC/liquid paraffin emulsified (o/w) gel beads,by factorial design approach; and in vitro analysis

The present study involved development of a novel sodium alginate (SA)/HPMC/light liquid paraffin emulsified (o/w) gel beads containing Diclofenac sodium (DS) as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and its site specific delivery by using hard gelatin capsule fabricated by enteric coated Eudragit L-100 polymer. Emulsified gel beads were formulated by 3-level factorial design, ionic gelatin method. The obtained beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and Field emission scanning electron microscope analysis. The variables such as SA (X₁), HPMC (X₂), were optimized for drug loading and in vitro drug release with the help of response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM analysis predicted that SA was significant for both drug loading (p = 0.0005) and drug release (p = 0.0041). HPMC was only significant for drug release (p = 0.0154). The cross-product contribution (2FI) and quadratic model were found to be adequate and statistically accurate with correlation value (R²) of 0.9054 and 0.9450 to predict the drug loading and drug release respectively. An increase in concentration of HPMC and SA decreases the drug loading as well as the drug release. The obtained optimum values of drug loading and DS released were 7.43 % and 85.54 % respectively, which were well in agreement with the predicted value by RSM.     

Ultrasonic study on binary liquid mixtures between some bromoalkanes and hydrocarbons

Densities and ultrasound velocities for the binary mixtures of 1-bromobutane+benzene and 1,4-dimethylbenzene and of 1-bromopentane+cyclohexane and benzene have been measured at 308.15 K. Adiabatic compressibilities (beta(ad)), and Wada's constants (W) have also been evaluated as a function of composition. The ultrasound velocities decrease, attains a minimum and then increase with increase in mole fractions of hydrocarbons in the binary mixtures except in the case of 1-bromopentane+benzene binary mixtures where the variation is just the reverse. Dependence of adiabatic compressibilities with mole fractions of hydrocarbons is sigmoid. The non-ideal behaviour of the systems studied is explained on the basis of dipole-induced dipole interactions.     

Silver (III) as an oxidative titrant Determination of some sugars, carboxylic acids and inorganic ions

Silver(III) has been stabilized as its tellurato complex and used for the oxidation of sugars, organic acids, ferrocyanide, sulphide, peroxide and thiosulphate, the excess of oxidant being measured by reducing it with an excess of arsenite and then titrating the surplus arsenite with iodine.