Reactive Dyeing of Electrospun Cellulose Nanofibers by Pad-steam Method

Based on the functional properties of electrospun cellulose nanofibers(CNF), scientists are showing substantial interest to enhance the aesthetic properties. However, the lower color yield has remained a big challenge due to the higher surface area of nanofibers. In this study, we attempted to improve the color yield properties of CNF by the pad-steam dyeing method. Neat CNF was obtained by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate(CA) nanofibers. Three different kinds of reactive dyes were used and pad-steam dyeing parameters were optimized. SEM images revealed smooth morphology with an increase in the average diameter of nanofibers. FTIR results showed no change in the chemical structure after dyeing of CNF. Color fastness results demonstrated excellent ratings for reactive dyes, which indicate good dye fixation properties and no color loss during the washing process. The results confirm that the pad-steam dyeing method can be potentially considered to improve the aesthetic properties of CNF, which can be utilized for functional garments, such as breathable raincoats and disposable face masks.     

Serre dimension of monoid algebras

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring of dimension d, M a commutative cancellative torsion-free monoid of rank r and P a finitely generated projective R[M]-module of rank t. Assume M is Φ-simplicial seminormal. If \(M\in \mathcal {C}({\Phi })\), then Serre dim R[M]≤d. If r≤3, then Serre dim R[int(M)]≤d. If \(M\subset \mathbb {Z}_{+}^{2}\) is a normal monoid of rank 2, then Serre dim R[M]≤d. Assume M is c-divisible, d=1 and t≥3. Then P?∧ ^t P⊕R[M] ^t?1. Assume R is a uni-branched affine algebra over an algebraically closed field and d=1. Then P?∧ ^t P⊕R[M] ^t?1.     

Effects of thermal fluctuations on the Kerr–Newman–NUT–AdS black hole

This paper is devoted to studying the impact of thermal fluctuations on thermodynamics of rotating as well as charged anti-de Sitter black holes with the Newman–Unti–Tamburino(NUT)parameter. To this end, we derive the analytic expression of thermodynamic variables, namely the Hawking temperature, volume, angular velocity, and entropy within the limits of extended phase space. These variables meet the first law of thermodynamics as well as the Smarr relation in the presence of new NUT charge. To analyze the effects of quantum fluctuations, we derive the exact expression of corrected entropy, which yields modification in other thermodynamical equations of state. The local stability and phase transition of the considered black hole are also examined through specific heat. It is found that the NUT parameter increases the stability of small black holes, while the logarithmic corrections induce instability in the system.