Research problem

This section appears from time to time. Contributions are invited, and should be submitted to R C. Thompson, Mathematics Department. University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106-3080, USA.     

Correlation between Site ll-Specific Human Serum Albumin (HSA) Binding Affinity and Murine in vivo Photosensitizing Efficacy of Some Photofrin Components

Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the key components in human blood that may influence drug distribution. As such, it is important to know the affinity of any drug for albumin. Previously, Photofrina mixture of monomeric, dimeric and oligomeric porphyrins, has been subjected to HSA binding studies. However, due to its complex nature, binding studies on Photofrin or other hematoporphyrin derivatives with HSA are inconclusive. In this report, the binding properties of some components (dimers and trimers) of Photofrin® and the relationship between murine photosensitizing efficacy and those binding properties were investigated. The interaction of these porphyrins with HSA was investigated by direct ultrafiltration and fluorescent titration techniques with fluorescent probes such as dansyl-L-proline (DP), which is known to interact selectively with site II on HSA. Porphyrins also were tested for antitumor activity in a mouse model following intravenous administration and exposure to laser light. Together, the results suggest that the photosensitizers that were preferentially bound to site II of HSA were most effective at controlling murine tumor regrowth     

Reactions of hole species in γ-irradiated KCl,KBr and KI with the emulsion of aniline and water

-Irradiated KCl, KBr and KI are dissolved separately in the emulsion of water and aniline. Halogens as radiolytic products are extracted in aniline forming stable halogen-aniline complexes. Hole species from V₂ and V₃ centers and free halogens trapped in crystalline salts are solvated first in water phase during dissolution and immediately form complexes with aniline. A typical vibrational structure of absorption bands around 300 nm is observed. The yields of halogens and thereby complexes are found to depend upon the concentration of F and hole centers and the mesh of the salt.     

Products active on mosquitoes,IV: Synthesis and biological activity of 8-propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl/6-octenyl ethers

Summary A series of 8-proparglyoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl and 8-propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ethers were prepared from 8-hydroxygeranyl and 8-hydroxycitronellyl ethers, respectively. Almost all compounds showed high toxicity toCulex quinquefaciatus larvae at 1 mgl^–1 dose level.

---

Gegen Mücken aktive Produkte, 4. Mitt.: Synthese und biologische Aktivität von 8-Propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl/6-octenyl-ethern

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe von 8-Propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl- und 8-propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl-ethern wurden aus 8-Hydroxygeranyl- bzw. 8-Hydroxycitronellyl-ethern hergestellt. Fast alle Verbindungen zeigten hoch Toxizität gegenüber Larven vonCulex quinquefaciatus in einer Dosierung von 1 mgl^–1.

     

Determination of ascorbic acid by iodate using iodine cyanide end point; indirect determination of vanadium, and colorimetric determination of ascorbic acid

Summary Two methods for the determination of ascorbic acid are described. The first employs titration with iodate in presence of cyanide and hydrochloric acid and starch indicator with two end points, corresponding to the formation of iodine after reduction to iodide and conversion of iodine to iodine cyanide respectively. The titration is applied to the indirect determination of vanadium(V). In the second method ascorbic acid is treated with excess ferric solution and the ferrous iron formed is determined colorimetrically by ortho-phenanthroline.

---

Zusammenfassung Zwei Verfahren zur Ascorbinsäurebestimmung werden beschrieben. Bei dem ersten wird in Gegenwart von KCN und Salzsäure sowie von Stärke als Indicator mit Jodatlösung titriert. Dabei werden zwei Endpunkte erhalten, die der Reduktion von Jodat zu Jodid und damit verbundener Jodbildung bzw. der Umwandlung des Jods in JCN entsprechen. Diese Titration wird auch zur indirekten Bestimmung von Vanadium(V) verwendet. Bei dem zweiten Verfahren wird die Ascorbinsäure mit überschüssiger Eisen(III)-lösung behandelt und das gebildete zweiwertige Eisen colorimetrisch mit o-Phenanthrolin bestimmt.

     

The compensation effect: A fact or a fiction

In this article, the facts and fictions surrounding the compensation effect is explored. False compensation effect occurs mainly due to: propagation of computational and experimental errors resulting in inaccurate estimates of the Arrhenius parameters; and, the natural compensation between InA andE. Since Arrhenius parameters are sensitive to errors in temperature; the errors due to uncertainty in temperature should be minimized to eliminate false compensation effect. Increasing the experimental temperature range is helpful in minimizing errors due to uncertainty in temperature. A point of concurrence in a plot of Ink and 1/T establishes the occurrence of true compensation effect. True compensation effect has been shown to be a useful tool in chemical research for: identifying the governing reaction mechanism; predicting the effects of various reaction parameters; and, correlating and reducing experimental data.

---

Zusammenfassung In dieser Mitteilung werden Fakten und Vorstellungen betreffs des Kompensationseffektes untersucht. Falsche Kompensationseffekte werden hauptsächlich verursacht durch: eine ungenaue Ermittlung der Arrheniusparameter durch die Fortpflanzung von rechnerischen und experimentellen Fehlern sowie dem natürlichen Kompensationseffektes zwischen InA undE. Das Arrheniusparameter gegenüber Fehler im Temperaturwert sehr empfindlich sind, sollten Temperaturungenäuigkeitsfehler zur Vermeidung eines falschen Kompensationseffektes minimalisiert werden. Zur Verminderung der aus der Temperaturungenauigkeit resultierenden Fehler ist es von Nutzen, den Temperaturbereich des Experimentes zu erweitern. Ein wahrer Kompensationseffekt wird durch einen Schnittpunkt in einem Ink-1/T Diagramm angezeigt. Es wird gezeigt, daß der wahre Kompensationseffekt ein nutzvolles Mittel in der chemischen Forschung darstellt: zur Feststellung des dominierenden Reaktionsmechanismus, zur Vorhersage der einflüsse verschiedener Reaktionsparameter und zur Aufarbeitung und Schlußfolgerung von bzw. aus experimentellen Daten.

---

, . , , lnA E. , , . . Ink-1/T . , , , .

---

---

The author would like to thank the reviewer for his constructive criticisms.     

Determination of thiourea and its methyl derivatives by hypoiodite oxidation, and iodine monochloride end point; iodine bromide end point in the titration of thiourea with iodate

Summary Procedures have been described for the quantitative determination of thiourea and its methyl derivatives, wherein iodate, permanganate, and ceric sulphate have been used as direct titration solution, either following preoxidation by alkali hypoiodite via (ICI + KOH) or in case of thiourea, by iodine bromide method. Apart from using standard oxidants the methods have an added advantage of a high conversion factor due to oxidation of sulphur to sulphate. Alternative physical methods of detecting the end point is an added feature of these procedures.The authors wish to express their grateful thanks to Dr. S. S. Joshi, D. Sc. (London), for his kind interest in the work.