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排序方式: 共有61条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kozo Arai Atsushi Matsunaga Masaru Yoneyama Shoji Takigami Yoshio Nakamura Haydn E. Edwards Glyn O. Phillips 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1993,31(1):249-258
The reactions of heparin with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) were studied spectrometrically. Seven different commercial heparins were used in this study. The amino groups react with TNBS to form equimolar amounts of trinitrophenylated (TNP) amino groups and bisulfite ions. The TNP-amino groups further react with bisulfite ions to form the monosubstituted anionic sigma complex. The absorption spectrum with two maxima at approximately 350 nm and approximately 420 nm, characteristic of either the TNP-amino groups or the complex, was analyzed for the reaction of TNBS with heparin. It was shown that the reactivities of TNBS with amino groups from α-amino acid and hexosamine residues are greatly different. By combining the results of the reaction kinetics and the reaction of heparin with Sanger's reagent, the number of the α-amino groups and the free amino groups in hexosamine residues were determined. These data have been performed with a range of heparins from different commercial sources, of different activities and physical characteristics. No correlation was found between the free amino contents of these heparins and biological potency. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
2.
Exploring Weak Ligand–Protein Interactions by Long‐Lived NMR States: Improved Contrast in Fragment‐Based Drug Screening 下载免费PDF全文
Roberto Buratto Daniele Mammoli Dr. Elisabetta Chiarparin Dr. Glyn Williams Prof. Geoffrey Bodenhausen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(42):11376-11380
Ligands that have an affinity for protein targets can be screened very effectively by exploiting favorable properties of long‐lived states (LLS) in NMR spectroscopy. In this work, we describe the use of LLS for competitive binding experiments to measure accurate dissociation constants of fragments that bind weakly to the ATP binding site of the N‐terminal ATPase domain of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The LLS approach allows one to characterize ligands with an exceptionally wide range of affinities, since it can be used for ligand concentrations [L] that are several orders of magnitude smaller than the dissociation constants KD. This property makes the LLS method particularly attractive for the initial steps of fragment‐based drug screening, where small molecular fragments that bind weakly to a target protein must be identified, which is a difficult task for many other biophysical methods. 相似文献
3.
Glyn Harman 《Journal of Number Theory》2010,130(9):1969-2002
In this paper we continue our study, begun in G. Harman and A.V. Kumchev (2006) [10], of the exceptional set of integers, not restricted by elementary congruence conditions, which cannot be represented as sums of three or four squares of primes. We correct a serious oversight in our first paper, but make further progress on the exponential sums estimates needed, together with an embellishment of the previous sieve technique employed. This leads to an improvement in our bounds for the maximal size of the exceptional sets. 相似文献
4.
Yapeng Fang Saphwan Al-Assaf Glyn O. Phillips Katsuyoshi Nishinari Takahiro Funami Peter A. Williams 《Structural chemistry》2009,20(2):317-324
The physiological functions of the two ions, Ca2+ and H+, in controlling mechanical properties of plant cell wall are reviewed. The interactions of these ions with major cell wall
polysaccharides during cell growth and development are described. Experimental results for Ca2+/H+-induced molecular associations of some polysaccharides in solutions are also given. This article aims to bridge the understandings
of molecular associations in solutions (in vitro) with those occurring in cell wall matrix of high order structure (in vivo). 相似文献
5.
Mathematische Annalen - 相似文献
6.
It is shown that, for all large x, there are more than x0.33Carmichael numbers up to x, improving on the ground-breakingwork of Alford, Granville and Pomerance, who were the firstto demonstrate that there are infinitely many such numbers.The same basic construction as that employed by these authorsis used, but a slight modification enables a stronger resulton primes in arithmetic progressions based on a sieve methodto be employed. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 11N13(primary), 11N36 (secondary). 相似文献
7.
Fang Y Al-Assaf S Phillips GO Nishinari K Funami T Williams PA Li L 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2007,111(10):2456-2462
Previous research on the binding and gelation of calcium/alginate in aqueous solution were mostly conducted in the (semi-)concentrated regime, and it did not provide details of the binding process and the formation of egg-box junctions. In the present investigation, the binding of calcium to alginate, of low and high molecular weight and different guluronate/mannuronate ratios, was investigated in dilute solutions using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), Ca2+-selective potentiometry, and viscometry techniques. The results reveal three distinct and successive steps in the binding of calcium to alginate with increased concentration of Ca ions. They were assigned to (i) interaction of Ca2+ with a single guluronate unit forming monocomplexes; (ii) propagation and formation of egg-box dimers via pairing of these monocomplexes; and (iii) lateral association of the egg-box dimers, generating multimers. The third step has different association modes depending on the molecular weight of alginate. The boundaries between these steps are reasonably critical, and they closely correlate with the Ca/guluronate stoichiometry expected for egg-box dimers and multimers with 2/1 helical chains. The formation of egg-box dimers and their subsequent association are thermodynamically equivalent processes and can be fitted by a model of independent binding sites. The binding of Ca to alginates of different guluronate contents is controlled by a balance between enthalpy and entropy. 相似文献
8.
Saphwan Al-Assaf Makoto Sakata Catherine McKenna Hiromitsu Aoki Glyn O. Phillips 《Structural chemistry》2009,20(2):325-336
The tendency of polysaccharides to associate in aqueous solution has long been recognised. Molecular associations can profoundly
affect their performance in a given application due to its influence on the molecular weight, shape and size. This will ultimately
determine how the molecules will interact with each other, with other molecules and with water. There are several factors,
such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic association, ion mediated association, electrostatic interaction, concentration dependence
and the presence of proteinaceous components, which affect this behaviour. Our objective is to highlight the role of the proteinaceous
component, present in acacia gum, to promote associations when the gum is subjected to various processing treatments such
as maturation, spray drying and irradiation. The results demonstrate the ability of the proteinaceous component to promote
hydrophobic associations which influence the size and proportion of the arabinogalactan high molecular weight component (AGP).
Heat treatment in solid state (maturation) increases the hydrophobic character of the gum and hence its emulsification performance.
Spray drying also involves aggregation through hydrophobic association but changes the surface properties of peptide moieties
to become more hydrophilic compared to the association promoted by the maturation treatment in the solid state. Irradiation
induced cross-linking, in the presence of unsaturated gas, was used to introduce C–C bonds into the carbohydrate moiety and
thus confirms the hydrophobic association prompted by the heat used in the maturation and spray drying. This association can
be reversed by treatments, such as filtration or high pressure homogenisation. The results reported here reconcile the contradiction
about structure of gum arabic proposed by the wattle-blossom and twisted hairy rope models and shows that the AGP fraction
is basically an aggregated fraction made up of AG units stabilized by low molecular weight highly proteinaceous components.
相似文献
Saphwan Al-AssafEmail: |
9.
Xiangyang Li Yapeng Fang Saphwan Al-Assaf Glyn O. Phillips Fatang Jiang 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2012,388(1):103-111
In a previous study (Langmuir 28 (2012) 10164-10176.), we investigated the complexation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with sugar beet pectin (SBP). A pH-composition phase diagram was established and structural transitions in relation to the phase diagram during complexation were identified. The present study examines the implications of these interactions on the emulsifying performance of BSA/SBP mixtures. Middle-chain triglycerides (MCTs) in water emulsions were prepared using conditions corresponding to different regions of the phase diagram. At high pHs and in the stable region of mixed individual soluble polymers where complexation is absent, there is no improved emulsifying performance, compared with the individual protein and polysaccharide. For these mixtures, the emulsion characteristics are controlled by the major component in the solutions, as determined by the competitive adsorption of the two components at the oil-water interface. At low pHs and low BSA/SBP ratios, and so mainly within the stable region of intramolecular soluble complexes, BSA/SBP mixtures greatly improve the stability of emulsions. Here, stabilisation is controlled by the cooperative adsorption of the two components at the oil-water interface. Through electrostatic complexation BSA promotes the adsorption of SBP on to interfaces to form a thick steric layer around emulsion droplets and thus providing better stability. At low pHs and high BSA/SBP ratios, that is, mainly within the unstable region of intermolecular insoluble complexes, emulsions prepared are extremely unstable due to bridging flocculation between emulsion droplets. 相似文献
10.