C-H Activation by dinuclear phosphine bridged complexes of rhodium,iridium, and ruthenium

The possibility of activation of the C-H bond by dinuclear phosphine bridged complexes of rhodium, iridium, and ruthenium is considered.This work was reported at the conference Modern Problems of Organometallic Chemistry (8–13 May, 1994, Moscow).Institut fer Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie der RWTH Aachen Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Deutschland.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 589–593, April, 1994.     

Un nouveau theoreme d'echantillonnage pour le degre de coherence complexe en vue de la reconstitution d'une source lumineuse isotrope

We present some results obtained by using the standard technique of light scattering on so-called “microemulsions”. From the data of single-photon counting of light scattered from 0° to 90° the particle scattering factor P(θ) is obtained. Fitting with the theoretical curves gained for various kinds of particles enables us to deduce in a rather direct and simple way the shape and the size of particles.     

How medical quality is improved: clinical management of patients with acute cardiac ischaemia

The clinical management of patients with acute ischaemic syndromes continues to evolve. It is therefore useful to review the most common categories of such patients, with specific emphasis on the contribution of some well-known laboratory assessments. Key questions on diagnosis, prognosis and medical quality are discussed.Presented at the 9th Conference on Quality in the Spotlight, 18–19 March 2004, Antwerp, Belgium     

Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiropyrazolones by Sequential Organo‐ and Silver Catalysis

A stereoselective one‐pot synthesis of spiropyrazolones through an organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition and a formal Conia‐ene reaction has been developed. Depending on the nitroalkene, the 5‐exo‐dig‐cyclization could be achieved by silver‐catalyzed alkyne activation or by oxidation of the intermediate enolate. The mechanistic pathways have been investigated using computational chemistry and mechanistic experiments.     

Hydrophobin purification based on the theory of CO2-nanobubbles

Purification is a critical step to obtain hydrophobin HFBII for use in positive applications. In this study, hydrophobin HFBII was produced by Trichoderma reesei via submerged fermentation. Using the CO₂-foam fractionation method yielded a fourfold increase in protein concentration. The foamate (α_L-HFBII) was dried using a nano spray-dryer under optimal temperature. The gushing activity of the dried foamate (α_S-HFBII) decreased. Addition of Tween 80 to the foamate before the drying process partially prevented the deactivation of hydrophobin HFBII. The purity of the powder was enhanced based on the theory of CO₂-nanobubbles in a CO₂-rich environment. The collected CO₂-nanobubbles were added to an apolar–polar system and the interface of these two phases was collected. After evaporation of the apolar phase, the purity of the hydrophobins assembled on the surface of the liquid was significantly improved.     

Quadruple domino organocatalysis: an asymmetric aza-michael/michael/michael/aldol reaction sequence leading to tetracyclic indole structures with six stereocenters

Quadruple domino/Wittig-one pot: An organocatalytic, asymmetric, three-component quadruple cascade, which leads to tetracyclic double-annulated indole derivatives, is described. The domino products were further derivatized by aldehyde olefination under one-pot conditions to obtain complex isoindolo[2,?1-a]indole derivatives bearing six stereogenic centers in a highly stereoselective fashion.     

The wave based method: An overview of 15 years of research

The Wave Based Method is a deterministic prediction technique to solve steady-state dynamic problems and is developed to overcome some of the frequency limitations imposed by element-based prediction techniques. The method belongs to the family of indirect Trefftz approaches and uses a weighted sum of so-called wave functions, which are exact solutions of the governing partial differential equations, to approximate the dynamic field variables. By minimising the errors on boundary and interface conditions, a system of equations is obtained which can be solved for the unknown contribution factors of each wave function. As a result, the system of equations is smaller and a higher convergence rate and lower computational loads are obtained as compared to conventional prediction techniques. On the other hand, the method shows its full efficiency for rather moderately complex geometries. As a result, various enhancements have been made to the method through the years, in order to extend the applicability of the Wave Based Method. This paper gives an overview of the current state of the art of the Wave Based Method, elaborating on the modelling procedure, a comparison of the properties of the Wave Based Method and element-based prediction techniques, application areas, extensions to the method such as hybrid and multi-level approaches and the most recent developments.