The synthesis of shihunine and related compounds from ortho-carboxyphenyl cyclopropyl ketone

Reaction of dicyclopropyl cadmium and phthalic acid monochloride monomethyl ester gives o-carboxyphenyl cyclopropyl ketone (2). Reaction of the methyl ester of 2 with methylamine gives 2 - methyl - 3 - hydroxy-3-cyclopropyl-1-isoindolinone (4b), which is converted by hydrogen halides in chloroform to the rearranged homoallylic halides 5a–c. Thionyl chloride in chloroform converts 2 to 3-(3-chloropropylidene) phthalide (7) which upon reaction with methylamine gives isoshihunine (8). Heating of keto acid 2 with aniline leads to N-phenyl-N-norshihunine (9), while upon heating of 2 with methylamine spiro [(1 - methylpyrrolidine) - 2 - 3′ - (2′ - methyl - 1′ - isoindolinone)] (10) is obtained. 10 is converted to shihunine (1) by 48% HBr solution. The mechanisms of the reactions are discussed.     

Correction to scaling for directed branched polymers (lattice animals)

Correction to scaling effects for the directed branched polymer (lattice animal) problem are calculated both from the field theoretic model due to Day and Lubensky (dynamics at the Yang-Lee edge singularity) and enumeration data. The universal correction to scaling exponent for the number of distinct animal configurations is estimated by numerical methods and field theoretic renormalization group results (=7–d expansion) extrapolated to exact results ford=2 andd=3; estimates of nonuniversal amplitudes are included.     

Zur gas-chromatographisch-massenspektrometrischen Bestimmung von Steroidhormonen in Körperflüssigkeiten unter Verwendung eines Multiple Ion Detectors (Fragmentographie)

The quantitative determination of small amounts of steroids in body fluids by physical-chemical methods (gas chromatography, double isotope derivative dilution) requires a considerable amount of time and effort. The use of the combination gas chromatography-mass spectrometry provides a simple method which is highly specific and sensitive. The mass spectrometer can be used as a specific detector for gas chromatography; this is achieved by adjusting to a suitablem/e value. By means of the multiple ion detector, it is possible to record several masses simultaneously. The applicability of this method is demonstrated by the determination of the following steroid hormones: testosterone in plasma, aldosterone in urine, oestradiol-17β and oestrone in plasma. For the determination of oestrogens, the use of the corresponding dideutero compounds as standards offers a special advantage. Preliminary experiments showed that the lower limits of detection are 1 ng for aldosterone and testosterone, and 0.05 ng for oestradiol-17β and oestrone.     

Measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in inclusive electroproduction of π- near the Δ0 resonance

The parity-violating (PV) asymmetry of inclusive π- production in electron scattering from a liquid deuterium target was measured at backward angles. The measurement was conducted as a part of the G0 experiment, at a beam energy of 360 MeV. The physics process dominating pion production for these kinematics is quasifree photoproduction off the neutron via the Δ0 resonance. In the context of heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory, this asymmetry is related to a low-energy constant d(Δ)- that characterizes the parity-violating γNΔ coupling. Zhu et al. calculated d(Δ)- in a model benchmarked by the large asymmetries seen in hyperon weak radiative decays, and predicted potentially large asymmetries for this process, ranging from A(γ)-=-5.2 to +5.2 ppm. The measurement performed in this work leads to A(γ)-=-0.36±1.06±0.37±0.03 ppm (where sources of statistical, systematic and theoretical uncertainties are included), which would disfavor enchancements considered by Zhu et al. proportional to V(ud)/V(us). The measurement is part of a program of inelastic scattering measurements that were conducted by the G0 experiment, seeking to determine the N-Δ axial transition form factors using PV electron scattering.     

Equality of the Spectral and Dynamical Definitions of Reflection

For full-line Jacobi matrices, Schrödinger operators, and CMV matrices, we show that being reflectionless, in the sense of the well-known property of m-functions, is equivalent to a lack of reflection in the dynamics in the sense that any state that goes entirely to x = ?∞ as t → ?∞ goes entirely to x = ∞ as t → ∞. This allows us to settle a conjecture of Deift and Simon from 1983 regarding ergodic Jacobi matrices.     

Parity-violating electron deuteron scattering and the proton's neutral weak axial vector form factor

We report on a new measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in quasielastic electron scattering from the deuteron at backward angles at Q2=0.038 (GeV/c)2. This quantity provides a determination of the neutral weak axial vector form factor of the nucleon, which can potentially receive large electroweak corrections. The measured asymmetry A=-3.51+/-0.57 (stat)+/-0.58 (syst) ppm is consistent with theoretical predictions. We also report on updated results of the previous experiment at Q2=0.091 (GeV/c)2, which are also consistent with theoretical predictions.