Some characterisations of supported algebras

We give several equivalent characterisations of left (and hence, by duality, also of right) supported algebras. These characterisations are in terms of properties of the left and the right parts of the module category, or in terms of the classes L₀ and R₀ which consist respectively of the predecessors of the projective modules, and of the successors of the injective modules.     

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods Synthesis of thionyl chloride-activated succinamidopropyl-glass beads     

Bimetallic Iron–Palladium Catalyst System as a Lewis-Acid for the Synthesis of Novel Pharmacophores Based Indole Scaffold as Anticancer Agents

The Friedel–Crafts reaction between substituted indoles as nucleophiles with chalcones-based benzofuran and benzothiophene scaffolds was carried out by employing a highly efficient bimetallic iron–palladium catalyst system. This catalytic approach produced the desired bis-heteroaryl products with low catalyst loading, a simple procedure, and with acceptable yield. All synthesized indole scaffolds 3a–3s were initially evaluated for their cytotoxic effect against human fibroblast BJ cell lines and appeared to be non-cytotoxic. All non-cytotoxic compounds 3a–3s were then evaluated for their anticancer activities against cervical cancer HeLa, prostate cancer PC3, and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines, in comparison to standard drug doxorubicin, with IC₅₀ values 1.9 ± 0.4 µM, 0.9 ± 0.14 µM and 0.79 ± 0.05 µM, respectively, and appeared to be moderate to weak anticancer agents. Fluoro-substituted chalcone moiety-containing compounds, 3b appeared to be the most active member of the series against cervical HeLa (IC₅₀ = 8.2 ± 0.2 µM) and breast MCF-7 cancer cell line (IC₅₀ = 12.3 ± 0.04 µM), whereas 6-fluroindol-4-bromophenyl chalcone-containing compound 3e (IC₅₀ = 7.8 ± 0.4 µM) appeared to be more active against PC3 prostate cancer cell line.     

Effect of Halide Ions on the Electronic Conductivity in Calcium Borate Glasses

Some halogen-doped calcium borate glasses containing iron have been prepared according to the percentage molar composition [(30 – x) CaO · x CaX₂ · 10 Fe₂O₃ · 60 B₂O₃] and annealed. It is found that the conduction in the semiconducting glasses is mainly due to electronic conduction. The results show that the halide ions may be introduced as modifiers for CaX₂ concentration < 10 mol% (X >= F, Cl, and Br) but they are network formers at CaX₂ > 10 mol%. It is proposed that at 10 mol% the network structure for all glasses seems to be the same. The dependence of resistivity on the halide ions concentration as well as the slight variation of activation energies, could be explained on the basis of electron-lattice interaction. Mathematical expressions for fitting and describing the dependence of resistivity on CaX₂ concentration are deduced and formulated by the following equations: ϱ = ϱ₀ exp [± ac(1 – bc)] and ϱ ϱ= ±₁₀ exp [± a′c(1 – b′c)] for the two regions around the critical concentration.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Quinoxalin-2(1H)one and 2-Methyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one Derivatives Targeting the Onset and Progression of CRC with SAR,Molecular Docking,and ADMET Analyses

The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is a multifactorial process. Dysbiosis and the overexpression of COX-2 and LDHA are important effectors in the initiation and development of the disease through chromosomal instability, PGE2 biosynthesis, and induction of the Warburg effect, respectively. Herein, we report the in vitro testing of some new quinoxalinone and quinazolinone Schiff’s bases as: antibacterial, COX-2 and LDHA inhibitors, and anticolorectal agents on HCT-116 and LoVo cells. Moreover, molecular docking and SAR analyses were performed to identify the structural features contributing to the biological activities. Among the synthesized molecules, the most active cytotoxic agent, (6d) was also a COX-2 inhibitor. In silico ADMET studies predicted that (6d) would have high Caco-2 permeability, and %HIA (99.58%), with low BBB permeability, zero hepatotoxicity, and zero risk of sudden cardiac arrest, or mutagenicity. Further, (6d) is not a potential P-gp substrate, instead, it is a possible P-gpI and II inhibitor, therefore, it can prevent or reverse the multidrug resistance of the anticancer drugs. Collectively, (6d) can be considered as a promising lead suitable for further optimization to develop anti-CRC agents or glycoproteins inhibitors.     

A highly distorted hexacoordinated silver(I) complex: synthesis,crystal structure,and DFT studies

A new highly distorted hexacoordinated silver(I) complex [AgL₂NO₃] with 2-(bis(methylthio)methylene)-1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione (L) as ligand is synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR, and X-ray single-crystal structure analysis. The ligand (L) and the nitrate group act as bidentate ligands. The geometry around the silver ion has an intermediate configuration between a trigonal prism (TP) and an octahedron (OCT). Continuous shape measure (CShM) analysis indicated a closer configuration to TP than OCT. Experimentally and theoretically, the Ag–S bonds are shorter than any of the Ag–O bonds, indicating a stronger interaction between Ag⁺ (soft metal) and S-atom as a softer site than oxygen. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses showed higher interaction energies between the S-atom lone pairs and the Ag–antibonding NBO (8.61–31.39 kcal/mol) than LP(O)→Ag (3.48–11.46 kcal/mol). The acceptor antibonding NBO of the Ag atom has mainly s-orbital character. The Ag atom has a natural charge of +0.7579 e at the experimental structure, suggesting that negative charge was transferred from the ligand (0.0666 e) and nitrate (0.1090 e) to the Ag ion. Using Hirshfeld surface analysis, the important intermolecular interactions between molecular units within the crystal lattice of the ligand and its Ag-complex were analyzed and compared.     

Effect of replacing calcium oxide with calcium halide on crystallization and some physical properties of calcium vanadium phosphate glass ceramics

The effect of halide ions on density, electrical, magnetic and crystallization kinetics for (20X-50P₂O₅-30V₂O₅) mole% has been investigated, where X=CaO, CaF₂, CaCl₂ and CaBr₂. Halide ions reduce the glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature and activation energy of crystallization. Density, electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility increase while molar volume, glass thermal stability and interatomic distance between transition metal ions decrease as the halide ions replace the oxygen ions in these glasses.     

Histidine-epoxy-activated sepharose beads embedded poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogels for pseudobiospecific adsorption of human immunoglobulin G

The use of highly purified immunoglobulin became among the most powerful adopted strategies in therapeutic trials nowadays. Their role as immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agents has widened their scope of use. A novel continuous supermacroporous monolithic cryogels embedded with histidine-epoxy-activated-sepharose beads were synthetized as a new monolithic adsorbents for the separation of immunoglobulin G from human serum. The histidine-epoxy-activated-sepharose beads were embedded into the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) cryogels present in frozen aqueous solution inside a plastic syringe. The microstructure morphology of the cryogels was characterized by swelling measurement and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption of human IgG on the histidine-epoxy-activated-sepharose beads pHEMA cryogels appeared to follow the Langmuir–Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The maximum IgG adsorption was observed at 4°C and pH 7.4 and was found to be 26.95 mg/g of cryogel which is close to that obtained experimentally (24.49 mg/g). The cryogels were used for several adsorption-desorption cycles without any negligible decrease in their adsorption capacity.     

Mutation Classes of Skew-Symmetric 3 × 3-Matrices

In this article, we establish a bijection between the set of mutation classes of mutation-cyclic skew-symmetric integral 3 × 3-matrices and the set of triples of integers (a, b, c) such that 2 ≤ a ≤ b ≤ c and ab ≥ c. We also give an algorithm allowing to verify whether a matrix is mutation-cyclic or not. We prove that given a, b, the two cases depend on whether c is large enough or not.     

Modules over cluster-tilted algebras that do not lie on local slices

We characterize the indecomposable transjective modules over an arbitrary cluster-tilted algebra that do not lie on a local slice, and we provide a sharp upper bound for the number of (isoclasses of) these modules.